Substituted Cyclohexylamine Compounds

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides substituted cyclohexylamine compounds having Formula (I): and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4 , R 5 , and R 7  are defined as set forth in the specification. The present disclosure is also directed to the use of compounds of Formula I to treat a disorder responsive to the blockade of SMYD proteins such as SMYD 3  or SMYD 2 . Compounds of the present disclosure are especially useful for treating cancer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present disclosure provides substituted cyclohexylamines as SMYD protein inhibitors, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 inhibitors, and therapeutic methods of treating conditions and diseases wherein inhibition of SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 provides a benefit.

Background

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an important biological determinant of protein production and cellular differentiation and plays a significant pathogenic role in a number of human diseases. Epigenetic regulation involves heritable modification of genetic material without changing its nucleotide sequence. Typically, epigenetic regulation is mediated by selective and reversible modification (e.g., methylation) of DNA and proteins (e.g., histones) that control the conformational transition between transcriptionally active and inactive states of chromatin. These covalent modifications can be controlled by enzymes such as methyltransferases (e.g., SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2), many of which are associated with genetic alterations that can cause human disease, such as proliferative disorders. Thus, there is a need for the development of small molecules that are capable of inhibiting the activity of SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides substituted cyclohexylamine compounds represented by Formulae I-XIII below, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, collectively referred to herein as “Compounds of the Disclosure.”

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a Compound of the Disclosure and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 or SMYD2, or both, in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods for treating a disease, disorder, or condition, e.g., cancer, responsive to inhibition of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 or SMYD2, or both, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD3.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD2.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of Compounds of the Dicslosure as inhibitors of SMYD proteins.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease, disorder, or condition responsive to inhibition of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 or SMYD2, or both, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure in a mixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides Compounds of the Disclosure for use in treating cancer in a mammal, e.g., breast, cervical, colon, kidney, liver, head and neck, skin, pancreatic, ovary, esophageal, lung, and prostate cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a Compound of the Disclosure for use in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a mammal.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides kit comprising a Compound of the Disclosure.

Additional embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth, in part, in the description that follows, and will flow from the description, or can be learned by practice of the disclosure. The embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present disclosure is based on the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD proteins. In view of this property, the Compounds of the Disclosure are useful for treating diseases, disorders, or conditions, e.g., cancer, responsive to inhibition of SMYD proteins.

One aspect of the present disclosure is based on the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD3. In view of this property, the Compounds of the Disclosure are useful for treating diseases, disorders, or conditions, e.g., cancer, responsive to inhibition of SMYD3.

One aspect of the present disclosure is based on the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD2. In view of this property, the Compounds of the Disclosure are useful for treating diseases, disorders, or conditions, e.g., cancer, responsive to inhibition of SMYD2.

In one embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein:

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of ethyl and cyclopropyl;

R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), and R^(3b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or

R^(2a) and R^(2b) taken together form a C₁₋₄ bridge; and R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or

R^(3a) and R^(3b) taken together form a C₁₋₄ bridge; and R^(2a) and R^(2b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or

R^(2a) and R^(3b) taken together form a C₁₋₄ bridge; and R^(2b) and R^(3a) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or

R^(2b) and R^(3a) taken together form a C₁₋₄ bridge; and R^(2a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, —C(═O)R^(6a), and —S(═O)₂R^(6b);

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, and (heterocyclo)alkyl;

R^(6a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, optionally substituted C₄₋₁₄ heterocyclo, optionally substituted C₅₋₁₄ heteroaryl, and optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl;

R^(6b) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, optionally substituted C₄₋₁₄ heterocyclo, optionally substituted C₅₋₁₄ heteroaryl, and optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl;

R^(6c) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, optionally substituted C₄₋₁₄ heterocyclo, optionally substituted C₅₋₁₄ heteroaryl, and optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl; and

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, and aralkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ and R⁵ cannot both be hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁷ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula II:

Formula III:

Formula IV:

Formula V:

Formula VI:

or Formula VII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(2a), R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula VIII:

Formula IX:

Formula X:

Formula XI:

Formula XII:

or Formula XIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹, R^(3a), R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), and R^(3b) are hydrogen; and R¹, R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(2a) is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and benzyl; R^(2b), R^(3a), and R^(3b) are hydrogen; and R¹, R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-VII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R²a is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and benzyl; and R¹, R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae VIII-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and benzyl; and R¹, R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is —C(═O)R^(6a); and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁵, R^(6a), and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R^(6a) is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is —C(═O)R^(6a); and R¹, R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁵, R^(6a), and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R^(6a) is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is —S(═O)₂R^(6b); and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁵, R^(6b), and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R^(6b) is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is —S(═O)₂R^(6b); and R¹, R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁵, R^(6b), and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R^(6b) is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is C₁₋₆ alkyl; and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁴ is C₁₋₆ alkyl; and R¹, R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁵ is hydrogen; and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁴, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁵ is hydrogen; and R¹, R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁴, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂CH₂OH, —CH₂CH₂NH₂, —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, and —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂; and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁴, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂CH₂OH, —CH₂CH₂NH₂, —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, and —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂; and R¹, R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁴, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁷ is hydrogen; and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁴, and R⁵ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁷ is hydrogen; and R¹, R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁴, and R⁵ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, and aralkyl; and R¹, R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁴, and R⁵ are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, and aralkyl; and R¹, R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁴, and R⁵ are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹ is ethyl; and R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹ is ethyl; and R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R is cyclopropyl; and R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), R^(3b) R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formulae II-XIII, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R¹ is cyclopropyl; and R^(2a) (in Formulae II-VII), R^(3a) (in Formulae VIII-XIII), R⁴, R⁵, and R⁷ are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 1, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, or different pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

It should be appreciated that the Compounds of the Disclosure in certain embodiments are the free base, various salts, and hydrate forms, and are not limited to the particular salt listed in Table 1.

TABLE 1 SMYD3 SMYD3 Biochem Cell Cpd. Salt LCMS IC₅₀ IC₅₀ No. Structure Form Chemical Name M + H (uM)* (uM)*  1

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 335.1  0.46574  2

None N-((1S,2R,4S)-4- amino-2- ethylcyclohexyl)-5- ethylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 266  2.43648  3

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-(2-amino- cyclobutane-1- carboxamido)cyclo- hexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 347.2  0.54543  4

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- aminopropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 321.2  0.47535  5

HCl N-((1R,4r)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 335.3  0.39967   10.06334  6

HCl Mixture of N- ((1S,2R,4S)-4-((R)- 3-aminobutanamido)- 2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5- ethylisoxazole-3- carboxamide and N- ((1R,2S,4R)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido)-2- ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethyl- isoxazole-3-carboxamide; (1S,2R,4S) isomer is depicted 351.05  0.0973    0.96399  7

HCl Mixture of N- ((1S,2R,4S)-4-((S)- 3-aminobutanamido)- 2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5- ethylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide and N- ((1R,2S,4R)-4-((S)-3- aminobutanamido)- 2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5- ethylisoxazole-3- carboxamide; (1S,2R,4S) isomer depicted 351.05  0.16992  8

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3-amino-2- methylpropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 335.2  0.6542  9

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3-amino- N-(2-hydroxyethyl) propanamido) cyclohexyl)-5-cyclo- propylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 365.15  2.27949 10

None 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1r,4r)- 4-(3-(4-methylpiperazin- 1-yl)propanamido) cyclohexyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 404.1  7.71587 11

None 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1r,4r)- 4-(3-(pyrrolidin-1- yl)propanamido) cyclohexyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 375.1  0.18817    1.97127 12

HCl 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1r,4r)- 4-(3-(methylamino) propanamido)cyclohexyl) isoxazole-3-carboxamide 335.1  0.86672 13

None N-((1R,4r)-4-((1s,4S)-4- aminocyclohexane-1- carboxamido)cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 375.15  0.35154 14

HCl N-((1R,4r)-4-((1s,3S)-3- aminocyclobutane-1- carboxamido)cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 347.2  1.18192 15

None 5-cyclopropyl-N- ((1r,4r)-4-(3-morpholino- propanamido)cyclohexyl) isoxazole-3-carboxamide 391.1 20.43604 16

HCl N-((1R,4r)-4-((1r,4R)-4- aminocyclohexane-1- carboxamido)cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 375.1  0.60578 17

None 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1r,4r)- 4-(3-(piperazin-1- yl)propanamido) cyclohexyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 390.1  1.15388 18

None N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- (benzylamino) propanamido) cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 411.2  0.67116 19

None 5-cyclopropyl-N- ((1r,4r)-4-(3- (isobutylamino) propanamido) cyclohexyl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide 377.2  0.91867 20

HCl N-((1S,4r)-4-((1S,3S)-3- aminocyclohexane-1- carboxamido)cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 375.1  0.62479 21

None N-((1S,4r)-4-((1S,3R)-3- aminocyclopentane-1- carboxamido) cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 361.1  0.51067 22

None N-((1R,4r)-4-((1r,3R)-3- aminocyclobutane-1- carboxamido)cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 347.1  0.26882 23

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-((3- aminopropyl)amino) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 307.15  0.34229 24

None 5-cyclopropyl-N- ((1r,4r)-4- (isobutylamino) cyclohexyl) isoxazole-3- carboxamide 306.05  2.5634 25

None 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1r,4r)- 4-(isopentylamino) cyclohexyl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide 320.1  8.23476 26

None N-((1S,4r)-4-((1S,3R)-3- aminocyclohexane-1- carboxamido) cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 375.1  1.18614 27

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-(3-amino-2- hydroxypropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 337.1  0.56711 28

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-((2- aminoethyl)amino) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 293.1  0.85319 29

None N-((1r,4r)-4-((2- aminoethyl)sulfonamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 357.1  2.89542 30

None N-((1R,4r)-4-((R)- 4-amino- 3-hydroxybutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 351.1  1.68633 31

None N-((1S,4r)-4-((S)- 4-amino-3-hydroxy- butanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 351.1  1.07488 32

None N-((1S,4r)-4-((1S,3S)-3- aminocyclopentane-1- carboxamido) cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 361.2  0.56239    5.14861 33

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-(3-amino- N-(3-aminopropyl) propanamido) cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 378.1  0.42798 >40 34

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-((3-amino- propyl)sulfonamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 371.1  1.33803 35

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-(3-amino-N- (2-aminoethyl) propanamido) cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 364.2  0.88281 36

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-(N- (3-aminopropyl)- 3-hydroxypropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 379.1  7.02814 37

HCl 5-cyclopropyl-N- ((1r,4r)-4- (ethylsulfonamido) cyclohexyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 342.1  6.35577 38

HCl N-((1r,4r)-4-(3-amino- N-(3-hydroxypropyl) propanamido) cyclohexyl)- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 379.1  1.19961 39

None Mixture of N- ((1S,2R,4S)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido)-2- benzylcyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide and N- ((1R,2S,4R)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido)-2- benzylcyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide; (1S,2R,4S) isomer is depicted. 425.2  0.02865    0.25522 40

TFA N-((1R,4r)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N-(2- methoxyethyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 393.3  9.69 41

TFA N-((1R,4r)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- phenethylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 439.3  5.71 42

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- aminopropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- phenethylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 425.3 10.77 43

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- aminopropanamido) cyclohcxyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- isobutylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 377.2  4.49 44

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- aminopropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N-(2- methoxyethyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 379.2 16.36 45

TFA N-((1R,4r)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-N-benzyl- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 425.3  8.22 46

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- aminopropanamido) cyclohexyl)-N-benzyl- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 411.2  4.34 47

HCl N-((1R,4r)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- isobutylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 391.3  3.12 48

HCl N-((1S,4r)-4-((S)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- isobutylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 391.3  3.8 49

HCl N-((1S,4r)-4-((S)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N-(2- methoxyethyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 393.3 19.03 50

None N-((1R,4r)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N-(2- hydroxyethyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 379.3 14.47 51

None N-((1S,4r)-4-((S)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N-(2- hydroxyethyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 379.3 13.82 52

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- aminopropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N-(2- hydroxyethyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide 365.3 16.79 53

TFA N-((1S,4r)-4-((S)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-N-benzyl- 5-cyclopropylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 425.4 19.68 54

TFA N-((1S,4r)-4-((S)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- phenethylisoxazole- 3-carboxamide 439.3 11.58 55

TFA N-((1S,4s)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- methylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 349.2 24.39 56

TFA N-((1R,4r)-4-((R)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- methylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 349.2  9.28 57

TFA N-((1R,4s)-4-((S)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- methylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 349.3 25.8 58

TFA N-((1S,4r)-4-((S)-3- aminobutanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- methylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 349.3  6.11 59

TFA N-((1s,4s)-4-(3- aminopropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- methylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 335.5 36.6 60

TFA N-((1r,4r)-4-(3- aminopropanamido) cyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- methylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 335.6  5.29 *IC₅₀ values are an average of n = 1 to n = 50

In another embodiment, a Compound of the Disclosure is a compound having Formulae I-XIII, provided that the compound is not:

Structure Name

N-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-5- cyclopropyl-N- methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-((1s,4s)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-5- ethyl-N-(3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl) isoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-(4-((3-(difluoro- methoxy)benzyl)amino)cyclohexyl)- 5-ethyl-N-(3-(trifluoro- methoxy)benzyl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-ethyl-N-(3-(trifluoro- methoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-((4- (trifluoromethyl)benzyl)amino) cyclohexyl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of the following compounds:

Structure Name

N-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-cyclopropyl- N-methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-((1s,4s)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-ethyl- N-(3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)isoxazole- 3-carboxamide

N-(4-((3-(difluoro- methoxy)benzyl)amino)cyclohexyl)- 5-ethyl-N-(3-(trifluoro- methoxy)benzyl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-ethyl-N-(3-(trifluoro- methoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-((4- (trifluoromethyl)benzyl)amino) cyclohexyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide and a pharmeceutically acceptable carier.

In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a method of inhibiting SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 or SMYD2, or both, in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of at least one of the following compounds:

Structure Name

N-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-cyclopropyl- N-methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-((1s,4s)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-ethyl- N-(3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl) isoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-(4-((3-(difluoro- methoxy)benzyl)amino)cyclohexyl)- 5-ethyl-N-(3-(trifluoromethoxy) benzyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

5-ethyl-N-(3-(trifluoro- methoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-((4-(trifluoro- methyl)benzyl)amino)cyclohexyl) isoxazole-3-carboxamide

Definitions

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a straight- or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing one to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C₁₋₁₂ alkyl) or the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e., a C₁ alkyl such as methyl, a C₂ alkyl such as ethyl, a C₃ alkyl such as propyl or isopropyl, etc.). In one embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straight chain C₁₋₁₀ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a branched chain C₃₋₁₀ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straight chain C₁₋₆ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a branched chain C₃₋₆ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straight chain C₁₋₄ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a branched chain C₃₋₄ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straight or branched chain C₃₋₄ alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is partially or completely deuterated, i.e., one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are replaced with deuterium atoms. Non-limiting exemplary C₁₋₁₀ alkyl groups include methyl (including —CD₃), ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso-butyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. Non-limiting exemplary C₁₋₄ alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and iso-butyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the alkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from nitro, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, and carboxyalkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted with one substituent. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted alkyl groups include —CH₂CH₂NO₂, —CH₂CH₂CO₂H, —CH₂CH₂SO₂CH₃, —CH₂CH₂COPh, and —CH₂C₆H₁₁.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partially unsaturated (containing one or two double bonds) cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons containing one to three rings having from three to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl) or the number of carbons designated. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has two rings. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has one ring. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decalin, adamantyl, cyclohexenyl, and spiro[3.3]heptane.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the cycloalkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxy alkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, or (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with one substituent. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with at least one amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino group. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkenyl” as used by itself or part of another group refers to a partially unsaturated cycloalkyl group as defined above. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl has one carbon-to-carbon double bond. In another embodiment, the cycloalkenyl group is chosen from a C₄₋₈ cycloalkenyl group. Exemplary cycloalkenyl groups include cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted cycloalkenyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the cycloalkenyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkenyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkenyl is substituted with one substituent. In another embodiment, the cycloalkenyl is unsubstituted.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkenyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one, two or three carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group. In another embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₄ alkenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, sec-butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkenyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means the alkenyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heterocyclo.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkynyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one to three carbon-to-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl has one carbon-to-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group. In another embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C₂₋₄ alkynyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, 2-butynyl, pentynyl, and hexynyl groups.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkynyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means the alkynyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “haloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is substituted by one, two, or three fluorine and/or chlorine atoms. In another embodiment, the haloalkyl group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ haloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, and trichloromethyl groups.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “hydroxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more, e.g., one, two, or three, hydroxy groups. In one embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a monohydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with one hydroxy group. In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a dihydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with two hydroxy groups. In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ hydroxyalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl groups, such as 1-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 1,2-dihydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl, and 1,3-dihydroxyprop-2-yl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl or optionally substituted alkynyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. In one embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group. In another embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and tert-butoxy.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylthio” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfur atom substituted by an optionally substituted alkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkylthio group is chosen from a C₁₋₄ alkylthio group. Non-limiting exemplary alkylthio groups include —SCH₃, and —SCH₂CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxyalkyl groups include methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, ethoxybutyl, propoxymethyl, iso-propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl, propoxypropyl, butoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, isobutoxymethyl, sec-butoxymethyl, and pentyloxymethyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “haloalkoxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a haloalkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkoxy groups include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroalkyl” as used by itself or part of another group refers to a stable straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and at least two heteroatoms, which can be the same or different, selected from O, N, or S, wherein: 1) the nitrogen atom(s) and sulfur atom(s) can optionally be oxidized; and/or 2) the nitrogen atom(s) can optionally be quaternized. The heteroatoms can be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group or at a position at which the heteroalkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl group contains two oxygen atoms. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl contains one oxygen and one nitrogen atom. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl contains two nitrogen atoms. Non-limiting exemplary heteroalkyl groups include —CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃, —CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OCH₂, —OCH₂CH₂NH₂, —NHCH₂CH₂N(H)CH₃, —NHCH₂CH₂OCH₃ and —OCH₂CH₂OCH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring system having from six to fourteen carbon atoms (i.e., C₆₋₁₄ aryl). Non-limiting exemplary aryl groups include phenyl (abbreviated as “Ph”), naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl, and fluorenyl groups. In one embodiment, the aryl group is chosen from phenyl or naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl group is phenyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted aryl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means that the aryl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyl aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxy alkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (C₁₋₄ haloalkoxy)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, —N(R⁴³)(R⁴⁴), and —N(H)C(═O)—R⁴⁵, wherein R⁴³ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl; R⁴⁴ is alkoxyalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, or (dialkylamino)alkyl; and R⁴⁵ is alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl is an optionally substituted phenyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has four substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has three substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has one substituent. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has one amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, or (dialkylamino)alkyl substituent. Non-limiting exemplary substituted aryl groups include 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2,6-di-chlorophenyl, 2-methyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-ethyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-di-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-di-fluorophenyl 3,5-di-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxy, 4-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-3-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, and 2-phenylpropan-2-amine. The term optionally substituted aryl is meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted cycloalkyl and fused optionally substituted heterocyclo rings. Examples include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aryloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted aryl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aryloxy group is PhO—.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroaryloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted heteroaryl attached to a terminal oxygen atom.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aralkyloxy” or “arylalkyloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an aralkyl group attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aralkyloxy group is PhCH₂O—.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic” refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic ring systems having 5 to 14 ring atoms (i.e., C₅₋₁₄ heteroaryl) and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms independently chosen from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl has three heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has two heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has one heteroatom. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is a C₅ heteroaryl. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl is a C₆ heteroaryl. Non-limiting exemplary heteroaryl groups include thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzooxazonyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, pteridinyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbazolyl, β-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, and phenoxazinyl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is chosen from thienyl (e.g., thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl), furyl (e.g., 2-furyl and 3-furyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrrol-2-yl and 1H-pyrrol-3-yl), imidazolyl (e.g., 2H-imidazol-2-yl and 2H-imidazol-4-yl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, and 1H-pyrazol-5-yl), pyridyl (e.g., pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl), pyrimidinyl (e.g., pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, and pyrimidin-5-yl), thiazolyl (e.g., thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, and thiazol-5-yl), isothiazolyl (e.g., isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, and isothiazol-5-yl), oxazolyl (e.g., oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, and oxazol-5-yl) and isoxazolyl (e.g., isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, and isoxazol-5-yl). The term “heteroaryl” is also meant to include possible N-oxides. Exemplary N-oxides include pyridyl N-oxide.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted heteroaryl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the heteroaryl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to four substituents, e.g., one or two substituents, independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aralkyl aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxy alkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, —N(R⁴³)(R⁴⁴), or —N(H)C(═O)—R⁴⁵, wherein R⁴³ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl; R⁴⁴ is alkoxyalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, or (dialkylamino)alkyl; and R⁴⁵ is alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted heteroaryl has one substituent. In one embodiment, the substituent is amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (amino)alkyl, hydroxy alkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, —N(R⁴³)(R⁴⁴), or —N(H)C(═O)—R⁴⁵. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted is an optionally substituted pyridyl, i.e., 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl. Any available carbon or nitrogen atom can be substituted.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heterocycle” or “heterocyclo” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partially unsaturated (e.g., containing one or two double bonds) cyclic groups containing one, two, or three rings having from three to fourteen ring members (i.e., a 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo) and at least one heteroatom. Each heteroatom is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone, and/or nitrogen atoms, which can be quaternized. The term “heterocyclo” is meant to include cyclic ureido groups such as imidazolidinyl-2-one, cyclic amide groups such as β-lactam, γ-lactam, δ-lactam and ε-lactam, and cyclic carbamate groups such as oxazolidinyl-2-one. The term “heterocyclo” is also meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted aryl groups, e.g., indolinyl, indolinyl-2-one, benzo[d]oxazolyl-2(3H)-one. In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered cyclic group containing one ring and one or two oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 5- or 6-membered cyclic group containing one ring and one or two nitrogen atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-membered cyclic group containing two rings and one or two nitrogen atoms. The heterocyclo can be optionally linked to the rest of the molecule through a carbon or nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary heterocyclo groups include 2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl, 2-imidazolidinone, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (nortropane), 6-azaspiro[2.5]octane, 6-azaspiro[3.4]octane, indolinyl, indolinyl-2-one, 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted heterocyclo” as used herein by itself or part of another group means the heterocyclo as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyl aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxy alkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl. Substitution may occur on any available carbon or nitrogen atom, and may form a spirocycle. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted heterocyclo is substituted with at least one amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino group. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted heterocyclo groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “amino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NH₂.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NHR₂₂, wherein R²² is C₁₋₆ alkyl. In one embodiment, R²² is C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary alkylamino groups include —N(H)CH₃ and —N(H)CH₂CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “dialkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(23a)R^(23b), wherein R^(23a) and R^(23b) are each independently C₁₋₆ alkyl. In one embodiment, R^(23a) and R^(23b) are each independently C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary dialkylamino groups include —N(CH₃)₂ and —N(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “hydroxyalkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NHR²⁴, wherein R²⁴ is hydroxyalkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(25a)R^(25b), wherein R^(25a) is optionally substituted cycloalkyl and R^(25b) is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aralkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR^(26a)R^(26b), wherein R^(26a) is aralkyl and R^(26b) is hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary aralkylamino groups include —N(H)CH₂Ph and —N(CH₃)CH₂Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(amino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an amino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (amino)alkyl groups include —CH₂NH₂, —C(NH₂)(H)CH₃, —CH₂CH₂NH₂, —CH₂C(NH₂)(H)CH₃, —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂, and CH₂C(CH₃)₂CH₂NH₂

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(alkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. A non-limiting exemplary (alkylamino)alkyl group is —CH₂CH₂N(H)CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(dialkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by a dialkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (dialkylamino)alkyl groups are —CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cycloalkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by a cycloalkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (cycloalkylamino)alkyl groups include —CH₂N(H)cyclopropyl, —CH₂N(H)cyclobutyl, and —CH₂N(H)cyclohexyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(aralkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aralkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. A non-limiting exemplary (aralkylamino)alkyl group is —CH₂CH₂CH₂N(H)CH₂Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cyano)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more cyano, e.g., —CN, groups. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (cyano)alkyl groups include —CH₂CH₂CN, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CN, and —H₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(amino)(hydroxy)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino group and one hydroxy group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₆ alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(amino)(aryl)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino group and one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₆ alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl group is an optionally substituted phenyl. Non-limiting exemplary (amino)(aryl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cycloalkyl)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one optionally substituted cycloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl group is substituted with an amino or (amino)alkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary (cycloalkyl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(hydroxy)(aryl)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one hydroxy group and one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C₁₋₆ alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl group is an optionally substituted phenyl. Non-limiting exemplary (hydroxy)(aryl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxamido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of formula —C(═O)NR^(26a)R^(26b), wherein R^(26a) and R^(26b) are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R^(26a) and R^(26b) taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached from a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. In one embodiment, R^(26a) and R^(26b) are each independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary carboxamido groups include —CONH₂, —CON(H)CH₃, CON(CH₃)₂, and CON(H)Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(carboxamido)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with a carboxamido group. Non-limiting exemplary (carboxamido)alkyl groups include —CH₂CONH₂, —C(H)CH₃—CONH₂, and —CH₂CON(H)CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “sulfonamido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —SO₂NR^(27a)R^(27b), wherein R^(27a) and R^(27b) are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, or R^(27a) and R^(27b) taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached from a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary sulfonamido groups include —SO₂NH₂, —SO₂N(H)CH₃, and —SO₂N(H)Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylcarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkyl group. A non-limiting exemplary alkylcarbonyl group is —COCH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “arylcarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an optionally substituted aryl group. A non-limiting exemplary arylcarbonyl group is —COPh.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylsulfonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., —SO₂—, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionally substituted alkyl groups. A non-limiting exemplary alkylsulfonyl group is —SO₂CH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “arylsulfonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., —SO₂—, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionally substituted aryl groups. A non-limiting exemplary arylsulfonyl group is —SO₂Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “mercaptoalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups substituted by a —SH group.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —COOH.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups substituted with a —COOH. A non-limiting exemplary carboxyalkyl group is —CH₂CO₂H.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxycarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxycarbonyl groups are —CO₂Me and —CH₂Et.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aralkyl” or “arylalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted aryl groups. In one embodiment, the aralkyl group is a C₁₋₄ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted aryl group. Non-limiting exemplary aralkyl groups include benzyl, phenethyl, —CHPh₂, —CH₂(4-OH-Ph), and —CH(4-F-Ph)₂.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “ureido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —NR^(30a)—C(═O)—NR^(30b)R^(30c), wherein R^(22a) is hydrogen, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, and R^(30b) and R^(30c) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, or R^(30b) and R^(30c) taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary ureido groups include —NH—C(C═O)—NH₂and —NH—C(C═O)—NHCH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “guanidino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —NR^(28a)—C(═NR²⁹)—NR^(28b)R^(28c), wherein R^(28a), R^(28b), and R^(28c) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, and R²⁹ is hydrogen, alkyl, cyano, alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxamido, or sulfonamido. Non-limiting exemplary guanidino groups include —NH—C(C═NH)—NH₂, —NH—C(C═NCN)—NH₂, and —NH—C(C═NH)—NHCH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(heterocyclo)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted heterocyclo groups. In one embodiment, the (heterocyclo)alkyl is a C₁₋₄ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted heterocyclo group. The heterocyclo can be linked to the alkyl group through a carbon or nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary (heterocyclo)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(heteroaryl)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted heteroaryl groups. In one embodiment, the (heteroaryl)alkyl group is a C₁₋₄ alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted heteroaryl group. Non-limiting exemplary (heteroaryl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylcarbonylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkylcarbonyl group attached to an amino. A non-limiting exemplary alkylcarbonylamino group is —NHCOCH₃.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “C₁₋₄ bridge” refers to a —CH₂—, —(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₃—, or —(CH₂)₄— group that joins two carbon atoms of a cyclohexyl group to form an C₇, C₈, C₉, or C₁₀ bicyclo group. For example, in Formula I, R^(2a) and R^(2b) can be taken together to form a bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, or bicyclo[4.3.1]decane group. Each methylene unit of the C₁₋₄ bridge can be optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl and halo.

The present disclosure encompasses any of the Compounds of the Disclosure being isotopically-labelled (i.e., radiolabeled) by having one or more atoms replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as ²H (or deuterium (D)), ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, ¹⁷O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, and ³⁶Cl, respectively, e.g., ³H, ¹¹C, and ¹⁴C. In one embodiment, provided is a composition wherein substantially all of the atoms at a position within the Compound of the Disclosure are replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. In another embodiment, provided is a composition wherein a portion of the atoms at a position within the Compound of the disclosure are replaced, i.e., the Compound of the Disclosure is enriched at a position with an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number.” Isotopically-labelled Compounds of the Disclosure can be prepared by methods known in the art.

Compounds of the Disclosure may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms. The present disclosure is meant to encompass the use of all such possible forms, as well as their racemic and resolved forms and mixtures thereof. The individual enantiomers can be separated according to methods known in the art in view of the present disclosure. When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it is intended that they include both E and Z geometric isomers. All tautomers are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure as well.

As used herein, the term “stereoisomers” is a general term for all isomers of individual molecules that differ only in the orientation of their atoms in space. It includes enantiomers and isomers of compounds with more than one chiral center that are not mirror images of one another (diastereomers).

The term “chiral center” or “asymmetric carbon atom” refers to a carbon atom to which four different groups are attached.

The terms “enantiomer” and “enantiomeric” refer to a molecule that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and hence is optically active wherein the enantiomer rotates the plane of polarized light in one direction and its mirror image compound rotates the plane of polarized light in the opposite direction.

The term “racemic” refers to a mixture of equal parts of enantiomers and which mixture is optically inactive.

The term “absolute configuration” refers to the spatial arrangement of the atoms of a chiral molecular entity (or group) and its stereochemical description, e.g., R or S.

The stereochemical terms and conventions used in the specification are meant to be consistent with those described in Pure & Appl. Chem 68:2193 (1996), unless otherwise indicated.

The term “enantiomeric excess” or “ee” refers to a measure for how much of one enantiomer is present compared to the other. For a mixture of R and S enantiomers, the percent enantiomeric excess is defined as |R−S|*100, where R and S are the respective mole or weight fractions of enantiomers in a mixture such that R+S=1. With knowledge of the optical rotation of a chiral substance, the percent enantiomeric excess is defined as ([α]_(obs)/[α]_(max))*100, where [α]_(obs) is the optical rotation of the mixture of enantiomers and [α]_(max) is the optical rotation of the pure enantiomer. Determination of enantiomeric excess is possible using a variety of analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, chiral column chromatography or optical polarimetry.

The terms “enantiomerically pure” or “enantiopure” refer to a sample of a chiral substance all of whose molecules (within the limits of detection) have the same chirality sense.

The terms “enantiomerically enriched” or “enantioenriched” refer to a sample of a chiral substance whose enantiomeric ratio is greater than 50:50. Enantiomerically enriched compounds may be enantiomerically pure.

The terms “a” and “an” refer to one or more.

The term “about,” as used herein, includes the recited number ±10%. Thus, “about 10” means 9 to 11.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of salts of the Compounds of the Disclosure, including non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts include inorganic and organic acid addition salts and basic salts. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt, cesium salt and the like; alkaline earth metals such as calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like; organic amine salts such as triethylamine salt, pyridine salt, picoline salt, ethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine salt and the like; inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, sulphate and the like; organic acid salts such as citrate, lactate, tartrate, maleate, fumarate, mandelate, acetate, dichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, oxalate, formate and the like; sulfonates such as methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and the like; and amino acid salts such as arginate, asparginate, glutamate and the like. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” as used herein, refers to any salt, e.g., obtained by reaction with an acid or a base, of a Compound of the Disclosure that is physiologically tolerated in the target patient (e.g., a mammal, e.g., a human).

Acid addition salts can be formed by mixing a solution of the particular Compound of the Disclosure with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid such as hydrochloric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, or the like. Basic salts can be formed by mixing a solution of the compound of the present disclosure with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate and the like.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of solvates of Compounds of the Disclosure. Solvates typically do not significantly alter the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds, and as such may function as pharmacological equivalents. The term “solvate” as used herein is a combination, physical association and/or solvation of a compound of the present disclosure with a solvent molecule such as, e.g., a disolvate, monosolvate or hemisolvate, where the ratio of solvent molecule to compound of the present disclosure is about 2:1, about 1:1 or about 1:2, respectively. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances, the solvate can be isolated, such as when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. Thus, “solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Compounds of the Disclosure can be present as solvated forms with a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, such as water, methanol, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that the disclosure includes both solvated and unsolvated forms of Compounds of the Disclosure. One type of solvate is a hydrate. A “hydrate” relates to a particular subgroup of solvates where the solvent molecule is water. Solvates typically can function as pharmacological equivalents. Preparation of solvates is known in the art. See, for example, M. Caira et al, J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 93(3):601-611 (2004), which describes the preparation of solvates of fluconazole with ethyl acetate and with water. Similar preparation of solvates, hemisolvates, hydrates, and the like are described by E. C. van Tonder et al., AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech., 5(1):Article 12 (2004), and A. L. Bingham et al., Chem. Commun. 603-604 (2001). A typical, non-limiting, process of preparing a solvate would involve dissolving a Compound of the Disclosure in a desired solvent (organic, water, or a mixture thereof) at temperatures above 20° C. to about 25° C., then cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to form crystals, and isolating the crystals by known methods, e.g., filtration. Analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy can be used to confirm the presence of the solvent in a crystal of the solvate.

Since Compounds of the Disclosure are inhibitors of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2, a number of diseases, conditions, or disorders mediated by SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2, can be treated by employing these compounds. The present disclosure is thus directed generally to a method for treating a disease, condition, or disorder responsive to the inhibition of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2, in an animal suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, the disorder, the method comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of one or more Compounds of the Disclosure.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of inhibiting SMYD proteins in an animal in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of inhibiting SMYD3 in an animal in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of inhibiting SMYD2 in an animal in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” and the like refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and/or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” and the like may include “prophylactic treatment,” which refers to reducing the probability of redeveloping a disease or condition, or of a recurrence of a previously-controlled disease or condition, in a subject who does not have, but is at risk of or is susceptible to, redeveloping a disease or condition or a recurrence of the disease or condition. The term “treat” and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to an individual in need of such treatment.

Within the meaning of the disclosure, “treatment” also includes relapse prophylaxis or phase prophylaxis, as well as the treatment of acute or chronic signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions. The treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example, to suppress symptoms. It can be effected over a short period, be oriented over a medium term, or can be a long-term treatment, for example within the context of a maintenance therapy.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective dose” as used herein refers to an amount of the active ingredient(s) that is(are) sufficient, when administered by a method of the disclosure, to efficaciously deliver the active ingredient(s) for the treatment of condition or disease of interest to an individual in need thereof. In the case of a cancer or other proliferation disorder, the therapeutically effective amount of the agent may reduce (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) unwanted cellular proliferation; reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; modulate protein methylation in the target cells; and/or relieve, to some extent, one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. To the extent the administered compound or composition prevents growth and/or kills existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.

The term “container” means any receptacle and closure therefore suitable for storing, shipping, dispensing, and/or handling a pharmaceutical product.

The term “insert” means information accompanying a pharmaceutical product that provides a description of how to administer the product, along with the safety and efficacy data required to allow the physician, pharmacist, and patient to make an informed decision regarding use of the product. The package insert generally is regarded as the “label” for a pharmaceutical product.

The term “disease” or “condition” or “disorder” denotes disturbances and/or anomalies that as a rule are regarded as being pathological conditions or functions, and that can manifest themselves in the form of particular signs, symptoms, and/or malfunctions. As demonstrated below, Compounds of the Disclosure inhibit SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 and can be used in treating diseases and conditions such as proliferative diseases, wherein inhibition of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 provides a benefit.

In some embodiments, the Compounds of the Disclosure can be used to treat a “SMYD protein mediated disorder” (e.g., a SMYD3-mediated disorder or a SMYD2-mediated disorder). A SMYD protein mediated disorder is any pathological condition in which a SMYD protein is know to play a role. In some embodiments, a SMYD-mediated disorder is a proliferative disease.

In some embodiments inhibiting SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2, is the inhibition of the activity of one or more activities of SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2. In some embodiments, the activity of the SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 is the ability of the SMYD protein such as SMY3 or SMYD2 to transfer a methylgroup to a target protein (e.g., histone). It should be appreciated that the activity of the one or more SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 may be inhibited in vivo or in vivo. Examplary levels of inhibition of the activity one or more SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 include at least 10% inhibiton, at least 20% inhibition, at least 30% inhibiton, at least 40% inhibition, at least 50% inhibiton, at least 60% inhibition, at least 70% inhibiton, at least 80% inhibition, at least 90% inhibiton, and up to 100% inhibition.

The SMYD (SET and MYND domain) family of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) plays pivotal roles in various cellular processes, including gene expression regulation and DNA damage response. The family of human SMYD proteins consists of SMYD 1, SMYD2, SMYD3, SMYD4 and SMYD5. SMYD1, SMYD2, and SMYD3 share a high degree of sequence homology and, with the exception of SMYD5, human SMYD proteins harbor at least one C-terminal tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR) domain. (See e.g., Abu-Farha et al. J Mol Cell Biol (2011) 3 (5) 301-308). The SMYD proteins have been found to be linked to various cancers (See e.g., Hamamoto et al. Nat Cell. Biol. 2004, 6: 731-740), Hu et al. Canncer Research 2009, 4067-4072, and Komatsu et al. Carcinogenesis 2009, 301139-1146.)

SMYD3 is a protein methyltransferase found to be expressed at high levels in a number of different cancers (Hamamoto, R., et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 6(8):731-40 (2004)). SMYD3 likely plays a role in the regulation of gene transcription and signal transduction pathways critical for survival of breast, liver, prostate and lung cancer cell lines (Hamamoto, R., et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 6(8):731-40 (2004); Hamamoto, R., et al., Cancer Sci., 97(2):113-8 (2006); Van Aller, G. S., et al., Epigenetics, 7(4):340-3 (2012); Liu, C., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 105(22):1719-28 (2013); Mazur, P. K., et al., Nature, 510(7504):283-7 (2014)).

Genetic knockdown of SMYD3 leads to a decrease in proliferation of a variety of cancer cell lines (Hamamoto, R., et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 6(8):731-40 (2004); Hamamoto, R., et al., Cancer Sci., 97(2):113-8 (2006); Van Aller, G. S., et al., Epigenetics, 7(4):340-3 (2012); Liu, C., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 105(22):1719-28 (2013); Mazur, P. K., et al., Nature, 510(7504):283-7 (2014)). Several studies employing RNAi-based technologies have shown that ablation of SMYD3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines greatly reduces cell viability and that its pro-survival role is dependent on its catalytic activity (Hamamoto, R., et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 6(8):731-40 (2004); Van Aller, G. S., et al., Epigenetics, 7(4):340-3 (2012)). Moreover, SMYD3 has also been shown to be a critical mediator of transformation resulting from gain of function mutations in the oncogene, KRAS for both pancreatic and lung adenocarcinoma in mouse models. The dependence of KRAS on SMYD3 was also shown to be dependent on its catalytic activity (Mazur, P. K., et al., Nature, 510(7504):283-7 (2014)).

SMYD2 (SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2) was first characterized as protein that is a member of a sub-family of SET domain containing proteins which catalyze the site-specific transfer of methyl groups onto substrate proteins. SMYD2was initially shown to have methyltransferase activity towards lysine 36 on histone H3(H3K36) but has subsequently been shown to have both histone and non-histone methyltrasferase activity.

SMYD2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers. It has been shown to be over-expressed, compared to matched normal samples, in tumors of the breast, cervix, colon, kidney, liver, head and neck, skin, pancreas, ovary, esophagus and prostate, as well as hematologic malignancies such as AML, B- and T-ALL, CLL and MCL, suggesting a role for SMYD2 in the biology of these cancers. More specifically, studies using genetic knock-down of SMYD2 have demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), bladder carcinoma and cervical carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, high expression of SMYD2has been shown to be a poor prognostic factor in both ESCC and pediatric ALL.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure. While not being limited to a specific mechanism, in some embodiemtns, Compounds of the Disclorure can treat cancer by inhibiting SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2. Examples of treatable cancers include, but are not limited to, adrenal cancer, acinic cell carcinoma, acoustic neuroma, acral lentigious melanoma, acrospiroma, acute eosinophilic leukemia, acute crythroid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, adenosquamous carcinoma, adipose tissue neoplasm, adrenocortical carcinoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, aggressive NK-cell leukemia, AIDS-related lymphoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, ameloblastic fibroma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, angiomyolipoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, basal cell carcinoma, biliary tract cancer, bladder cancer, blastoma, bone cancer, Brenner tumor, Brown tumor, Burkitt's lymphoma, breast cancer, brain cancer, carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, carcinosarcoma, cartilage tumor, cementoma, myeloid sarcoma, chondroma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, choroid plexus papilloma, clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, Degos disease, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, endocrine gland neoplasm, endodermal sinus tumor, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, esophageal cancer, fetus in fetu, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, follicular lymphoma, follicular thyroid cancer, ganglioneuroma, gastrointestinal cancer, germ cell tumor, gestational choriocarcinoma, giant cell fibroblastoma, giant cell tumor of the bone, glial tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma, gliomatosis cerebri, glucagonoma, gonadoblastoma, granulosa cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, hairy cell leukemia, hemangioblastoma, head and neck cancer, hemangiopericytoma, hematological malignancy, hepatoblastoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, intestinal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, lentigo maligna, lethal midline carcinoma, leukemia, leydig cell tumor, liposarcoma, lung cancer, lymphangioma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphoepithelioma, lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogeous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, liver cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, MALT lymphoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant triton tumor, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, mast cell leukemia, mediastinal germ cell tumor, medullary carcinoma of the breast, medullary thyroid cancer, medulloblastoma, melanoma, meningioma, merkel cell cancer, mesothelioma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, mixed Mullerian tumor, mucinous tumor, multiple myeloma, muscle tissue neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoma, myxosarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neurinoma, neuroblastoma, neurofibroma, neuroma, nodular melanoma, ocular cancer, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, oncocytoma, optic nerve sheath meningioma, optic nerve tumor, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, Pancoast tumor, papillary thyroid cancer, paraganglioma, pinealoblastoma, pineocytoma, pituicytoma, pituitary adenoma, pituitary tumor, plasmacytoma, polyembryoma, precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, preimary peritoneal cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pseudomyxoma periotonei, renal cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Richter's transformation, rectal cancer, sarcoma, Schwannomatosis, seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, signet ring cell carcinoma, skin cancer, small blue round cell tumors, small cell carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, somatostatinoma, soot wart, spinal tumor, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, synovial sarcoma, Sezary's disease, small intestine cancer, squamous carcinoma, stomach cancer, T-cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, thecoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell carcinoma, throat cancer, urachal cancer, urogenital cancer, urothelial carcinoma, uveal melanoma, uterine cancer, verrucous carcinoma, visual pathway glioma, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Warthin's tumor, and Wilms' tumor.

In another embodiment, the cancer is breast, cervix, colon, kidney, liver, head and neck, skin, pancreas, ovary, esophagus, or prostate cancer.

In another embodiment, the cancer is a hematologic malignancy such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

In another embodiment, the cancer is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), bladder carcinoma, or cervical carcinoma.

In another embodiment, the cancer is a leukemia, for example a leukemia selected from acute monocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mixed lineage leukemia (MLL). In another embodiment the cancer is NUT-midline carcinoma. In another embodiment the cancer is multiple myeloma. In another embodiment the cancer is a lung cancer such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In another embodiment the cancer is a neuroblastoma. In another embodiment the cancer is Burkitt's lymphoma. In another embodiment the cancer is cervical cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is esophageal cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is ovarian cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is colorectal cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is prostate cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is breast cancer.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a therapeutic method of modulating protein methylation, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in vivo in the cancers mentioned above by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a subject in need of such therapy.

Compounds of the Disclosure can be administered to a mammal in the form of a raw chemical without any other components present. Compounds of the Disclosure can also be administered to a mammal as part of a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound combined with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such a carrier can be selected from pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and auxiliaries. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle” encompasses any of the standard pharmaceutical carriers, solvents, surfactants, or vehicles. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles include aqueous vehicles and nonaqueous vehicles. Standard pharmaceutical carriers and their formulations are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 19th ed. 1995.

Pharmaceutical compositions within the scope of the present disclosure include all compositions where a Compound of the Disclosure is combined with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In one embodiment, the Compound of the Disclosure is present in the composition in an amount that is effective to achieve its intended therapeutic purpose. While individual needs may vary, a determination of optimal ranges of effective amounts of each compound is within the skill of the art. Typically, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered to a mammal, e.g., a human, orally at a dose of from about 0.0025 to about 1500 mg per kg body weight of the mammal, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, per day to treat the particular disorder. A useful oral dose of a Compound of the Disclosure administered to a mammal is from about 0.0025 to about 50 mg per kg body weight of the mammal, or an equivalent amount of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. For intramuscular injection, the dose is typically about one-half of the oral dose.

A unit oral dose may comprise from about 0.01 mg to about 1 g of the Compound of the Disclosure, e.g., about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg, about 0.01 mg to about 250 mg, about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg, 0.01 mg to about 50 mg, e.g., about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg, of the compound. The unit dose can be administered one or more times daily, e.g., as one or more tablets or capsules, each containing from about 0.01 mg to about 1 g of the compound, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered to any patient that may experience the beneficial effects of a Compound of the Disclosure. Foremost among such patients are mammals, e.g., humans and companion animals, although the disclosure is not intended to be so limited. In one embodiment, the patient is a human.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered by any means that achieves its intended purpose. For example, administration can be by the oral, parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, transdermal, intranasal, transmucosal, rectal, intravaginal or buccal route, or by inhalation. The dosage administered and route of administration will vary, depending upon the circumstances of the particular subject, and taking into account such factors as age, gender, health, and weight of the recipient, condition or disorder to be treated, kind of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired.

In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered orally. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered orally and is formulated into tablets, dragees, capsules, or an oral liquid preparation. In one embodiment, the oral formulation comprises extruded multiparticulates comprising the Compound of the Disclosure.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered rectally, and is formulated in suppositories.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered by injection.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered transdermally.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered by inhalation or by intranasal or transmucosal administration.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered by the intravaginal route.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can contain from about 0.01 to 99 percent by weight, e.g., from about 0.25 to 75 percent by weight, of a Compound of the Disclosure, e.g., about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%), about 65%, about 70%, or about 75% by weight of a Compound of the Disclosure.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure is manufactured in a manner which itself will be known in view of the instant disclosure, for example, by means of conventional mixing, granulating, dragee-making, dissolving, extrusion, or lyophilizing processes. Thus, pharmaceutical compositions for oral use can be obtained by combining the active compound with solid excipients, optionally grinding the resulting mixture and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired or necessary, to obtain tablets or dragee cores.

Suitable excipients include fillers such as saccharides (for example, lactose, sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol), cellulose preparations, calcium phosphates (for example, tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate), as well as binders such as starch paste (using, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, or potato starch), gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. If desired, one or more disintegrating agents can be added, such as the above-mentioned starches and also carboxymethyl-starch, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.

Auxiliaries are typically flow-regulating agents and lubricants such as, for example, silica, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof (e.g., magnesium stearate or calcium stearate), and polyethylene glycol. Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings that are resistant to gastric juices. For this purpose, concentrated saccharide solutions can be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. In order to produce coatings resistant to gastric juices, solutions of suitable cellulose preparations such as acetylcellulose phthalate or hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose phthalate can be used. Dye stuffs or pigments can be added to the tablets or dragee coatings, for example, for identification or in order to characterize combinations of active compound doses.

Examples of other pharmaceutical preparations that can be used orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, or soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer such as glycerol or sorbitol. The push-fit capsules can contain a compound in the form of granules, which can be mixed with fillers such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers, or in the form of extruded multiparticulates. In soft capsules, the active compounds are preferably dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils or liquid paraffin. In addition, stabilizers can be added.

Possible pharmaceutical preparations for rectal administration include, for example, suppositories, which consist of a combination of one or more active compounds with a suppository base. Suitable suppository bases include natural and synthetic triglycerides, and paraffin hydrocarbons, among others. It is also possible to use gelatin rectal capsules consisting of a combination of active compound with a base material such as, for example, a liquid triglyceride, polyethylene glycol, or paraffin hydrocarbon.

Suitable formulations for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compound in a water-soluble form such as, for example, a water-soluble salt, alkaline solution, or acidic solution. Alternatively, a suspension of the active compound can be prepared as an oily suspension. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles for such as suspension may include fatty oils (for example, sesame oil), synthetic fatty acid esters (for example, ethyl oleate), triglycerides, or a polyethylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400). An aqueous suspension may contain one or more substances to increase the viscosity of the suspension, including, for example, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, and/or dextran. The suspension may optionally contain stabilizers.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides kits which comprise a Compound of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure) packaged in a manner that facilitates their use to practice methods of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the kit includes a Compound of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure) packaged in a container, such as a sealed bottle or vessel, with a label affixed to the container or included in the kit that describes use of the compound or composition to practice the method of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the compound or composition is packaged in a unit dosage form. The kit further can include a device suitable for administering the composition according to the intended route of administration.

General Synthesis of Compounds

Compounds of the Disclosure are prepared using methods known to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure, or by the illustrative methods shown in the General Schemes below. In the General Schemes, R¹, R^(2a), R^(2a), R^(3a), R^(3a), R⁵, R^(6a), R^(6b), and R⁷ of Formulae A-C are as defined in connection with Formula I, unless otherwise indicated. In any of the General Schemes, suitable protecting groups can be employed in the synthesis, for example, when R^(6a) or R^(6b) is (amino)alkyl or any other group that may require protection. (See, Wuts, P. G. M.; Greene, T. W., “Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, 4th Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007).

Compound A is converted to compound B (i.e, a compound having Formula I, wherein R⁴ is —S(═O)₂R^(6b)) by coupling with a suitable sulfonyl chloride (R^(6b)—SO₂Cl) in the presence of a suitable base such as TEA or DIPEA in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, or DMF.

Compound A is converted to compound C (i.e, a compound having Formula I, wherein R is —C(═O)₂R^(6a)) by coupling with a suitable acide chloride (R^(6a)—COCl) in the presence of a suitable base such as TEA or DIPEA in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, or DMF, or by coupling with a suitable carboxylic acid (R^(6a)—CO₂H) in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent such as HATU and a suitable base such as TEA or DIPEA in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, or DMF.

EXAMPLES General Synthetic Methods

General methods and experimental procedures for preparing and characterizing compounds of Table 1 are set forth in the general schemes above and the examples below. Wherever needed, reactions were heated using conventional hotplate apparatus or heating mantle or microwave irradiation equipment. Reactions were conducted with or without stirring, under atmospheric or elevated pressure in either open or closed vessels. Reaction progress was monitored using conventional techniques such as TLC, HPLC, UPLC, or LCMS using instrumentation and methods described below. Reactions were quenched and crude compounds isolated using conventional methods as described in the specific examples provided. Solvent removal was carried out with or without heating, under atmospheric or reduced pressure, using either a rotary or centrifugal evaporator.

Compound purification was carried out as needed using a variety of traditional methods including, but not limited to, preparative chromatography under acidic, neutral, or basic conditions using either normal phase or reverse phase HPLC or flash columns or Prep-TLC plates. Compound purity and mass confirmations were conducted using standard HPLC and/or UPLC and/or MS spectrometers and/or LCMS and/or GC equipment (i.e., including, but not limited to the following instrumentation: Waters Alliance 2695 with 2996 PDA detector connected with ZQ detector and ESI source; Shimadzu LDMS-2020; Waters Acquity H Class with PDA detector connected with SQ detector and ESI source; Agilent 1100 Series with PDA detector; Waters Alliance 2695 with 2998 PDA detector; AB SCIEX API 2000 with ESI source; Agilent 7890 GC). Exemplified compounds were dissolved in either MeOH or MeCN to a concentration of approximately 1 mg/mL and analyzed by injection of 0.5-10 μL into an appropriate LCMS system using the methods provided in the following table. In each case the flow rate is 1 mL/min.

MS Heat Block MS Detector Mobile Mobile Gradient Temp Voltage Method Column Phase A Phase B Profile (° C.) (kV) A Shim-pack Water/ ACN/ 5% to 100% 250 1.5 XR-ODS 0.05% 0.05% B in 2.0 2.2 μm TFA TFA minutes, 3.0 × 50 mm 100% B for 1.1 minutes, 100% to 5% B in 2.0 minutes, then stop B Gemini- Water/ ACN 5% to 100% 200 0.75 NX 3 μm 0.04% B in 2.0 C18 Ammonia minutes, 110A 100% B for 1.1 minutes, 100% to 5% B in 0.1 minutes, then stop C Shim-pack Water/ ACN/ 5% to 100% 250 0.85 XR-ODS 0.05% 0.05% B in 2.0 1.6 μm TFA TFA minutes, 2.0 × 50 mm 100% B for 1.1 minutes, 100% to 5% B in 0.1 minutes, then stop D Shim-pack Water/ ACN/ 5% to 100% 250 0.95 XR-ODS 0.05% 0.05% B in 2.0 2.2 μm TFA TFA minutes, 3.0 × 50 mm 100% B for 1.1 minutes, 100% to 5% B in 0.1 minutes, then stop

Compound structure confirmations were carried out using standard 300 or 400MHz NMR spectrometers with nOe's conducted whenever necessary.

The following abbreviations are used herein:

Abbreviation Meaning ACN acetonitrile atm. atmosphere DCM dichloromethane DHP dihydropyran DIBAL diisobutyl aluminum hydride DIEA diisopropyl ethylamine DMF dimethyl formamide DMF-DMA dimethyl formamide dimethyl acetal DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide Dppf 1,1′- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene EA ethyl acetate ESI electrospray ionization EtOH Ethanol FA formic acid GC gas chromatography H hour Hex hexanes HMDS hexamethyl disilazide HPLC high performance liquid chromatography IPA Isopropanol LCMS liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry MeOH Methanol Min Minutes NBS N-bromo succinimide NCS N-chloro succinimide NIS N-iodo succinimide NMR nuclear magnetic resonance nOe nuclear Overhauser effect Prep. Preparative PTSA para-toluene sulfonic acid Rf retardation factor rt room temperature RT retention time sat. Saturated SGC silica gel chromatography TBAF tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride TEA Triethylamine TFA trifluoroacetic acid THF Tetrahydrofuran TLC thin layer chromatography UPLC ultra performance liquid chromatography

Example 1 Synthesis of 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid

Step 1: Synthesis of ethyl 4-cyclopropyl-2,4-dioxobutanoate

Into a 10-L 3-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen Na (164 g, 1.20 equiv) was added in portions to ethanol (5 L). A solution of (CO₂Et)₂ (869 g, 1.00 equiv) and 1-cyclopropylethan-1-one (500 g, 5.94 mol, 1.00 equiv) was added dropwise with stirring at 0-20° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at 20-30° C. and then for an additional 1 h at 80° C. The resulting solution was diluted with 15 L of H₂O. The pH was adjusted to 2 with hydrochloric acid (12N). The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined and washed with NaHCCh (sat. aq.). The extract was concentrated under vacuum yielding 820 g (crude) of ethyl 4-cyclopropyl-2,4-dioxobutanoate as yellow oil. TLC (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether=1/5): Rf=0.5.

Step 2: Synthesis of ethyl 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylate

Into a 10 L round-bottom flask, was placed a solution of ethyl 4-cyclopropyl-2,4-dioxobutanoate (177 g) in ethanol (1.1 L) and NH2OH—HCl (200 g). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at 20-30° C. The resulting solution was allowed to react, with stirring, for an additional 1 h at 80° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1/10). This resulted in 143 g (the two step yield was 66.3%) of ethyl 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylate as a yellow oil. TLC (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether=1/5): Rf=0.2.

Step 3: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid

Into a 10-L round-bottom flask was placed ethyl 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylate (280 g, 1.55 mol, 1.00 equiv) and a solution of sodium hydroxide (74.3 g, 1.20 equiv) in water (4 L). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was washed with ether. The pH value of the aqueous solution was adjusted to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid (12N). The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 220 g (93%) of 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid as an off-white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.99 min, m/z=153.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz CDCl₃): 8.42 (brs, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 2.16-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.12 (m, 2H), 1.12-0.99 (m, 2H) ppm.

Example 2 Synthesis of N-((1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl (1r,4r)-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexylcarbamate

In a 100-mL round-bottom flask 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.65 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tert-butyl N-[(1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl]carbamate (154 mg, 0.72 mmol, 1.10 equiv) and TEA (198 mg, 1.96 mmol, 3.00 equiv) were dissolved in 10 ml dichloromethane, then HATU (496 mg, 1.31 mmol, 2.00 equiv) was added to the solution. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (4:1). This resulted in 210 mg (92%) tert-butyl (1r,4r)-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexylcarbamate as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.48 min, m/z=294.0 [M−56]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of N-((1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl (1r,4r)-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexylcarbamate (210 mg, 0.60 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). This was followed by the addition of hydrogen chloride (2M in dioxane, 20 mL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solids were collected by filtration. This resulted in 140 mg (93%) of N-((1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, D₂O): δ 6.62 (s, 1H), 3.82-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.92 (m, 5H), 1.57-1.33 (m, 4H), 1.10-1.00 (m, 2H), 0.93-0.84 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=0.99 min, m/z=291.0 [M+41]⁺.

Example 3 Synthesis of N-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-[(3S)-3-aminobutanamido]-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide and N-[(1R,2S,4R)-4-[(3S)-3-aminobutanamido]-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (diastereomic mixture) (Cpd. No. 39)

Step 1: Synthesis of 2-[1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene]-1,1-dimethylhydrazine

Into a 500-mL round-bottom flask was placed 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one (25 g, 160.07 mmol, 1.00 equiv), benzene (250 mL) and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride (15.6 g, 161.56 mmol, 1.01 equiv). Then TEA (14.6 g, 144.28 mmol, 0.90 equiv) was added dropwise. The resulting solution was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature with a water/ice bath. The resulting solution was diluted with 250 mL of EA. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×200 mL of brine (sat.). The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by distillation under reduced pressure (10 mm Hg) and the main fraction was collected at 110° C. This resulted in 14 g (44%) of 2-[1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene]-1,1-dimethylhydrazine as colorless oil. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 3.99 (s, 4H), 2.74-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.49 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 6H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.71(m, 4H) ppm.

Step 2: Synthesis of 2-[(8Z)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene]-1,1-dimethylhydrazine

Into a 250-mL 3-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed bis(propan-2-yl)amine (7.3 g, 72.14 mmol, 1.08 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (70 mL,). This was followed by the addition of n-butyllithium (30.2 mL, 75.51 mmol, 1.15 equiv, 2.5M in hexane) dropwise with stirring at −78° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 40 min at −20° C. To this was added a solution of 2-[1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene]-1,1-dimethylhydrazine (13 g, 65.57 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) dropwise with stirring at −78° C. The resulting solution was allowed to react, with stirring, for an additional 2 h at −78° C. To the mixture was added a solution of (bromomethyl)benzene (1.9 g, 11.11 mmol, 1.10 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) dropwise with stirring at −78° C. The resulting solution was allowed to react, with stirring, overnight at room temperature. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 5 mL of saturated NH₄Cl (sat. aq). The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with 400 mL of EA. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×200 mL of brine (sat.). The mixture was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (12%). This resulted in 9 g (55%) of 2-[(8Z)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene]-1,1-dimethylhydrazine as a yellow oil. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.14 min, m/z=289.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of 7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one

Into a 2-L three neck round-bottom flask was placed 2-[(8Z)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene]-1,1-dimethylhydrazine (20 g, 69.35 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (200 mL), water (200 mL), acetic acid (300 mL), sodium acetate (100 g, 1.22 mol, 17.58 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 8 with 2M sodium hydroxide (aq.). The resulting solution was extracted with 3×500 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. The combined extracts were washed with 3×500 mL of brine (sat.), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with PE: EA (10:1). This resulted in 11.1 g (65%) of 7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one as yellow oil. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.32-7.08 (m, 5H), 4.00-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.55(m, 1H), 2.55-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.88 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.60 (m, 1H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.47 min, m/z=247.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of racemic (7S,8S)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol

Into a 250-mL 3-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed 7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one (8 g, 32.48 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (40 mL), and methanol (40 mL). ThenNaBH₄ (1.5 g, 40.73 mmol, 1.25 equiv) was added into the mixture batchwise. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 50 mL of saturated NH₄Cl (sat. aq). The resulting solution was diluted with 500 mL of EA. The mixture was washed with 3×200 mL of brine (sat.). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (7%˜12%). This resulted in 3.1 g (38%) of racemic (7S,8S)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.30-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 3H), 3.91-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.49-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.42 (m, 5H), 1.32-1.10 (m, 1H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.47 min, m/z=247.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of racemic [[(7S,8S)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]oxy](tert-butyl)diphenylsilane

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic (7S,8S)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (3.1 g, 12.48 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (60 mL), tert-butyl(chloro)diphenylsilane (8.6 g, 31.29 mmol, 2.51 equiv) and imidazole (3.0 mg, 0.04 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum and diluted with 200 mL of EA. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×100 mL of brine (sat.), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/hexane (3%˜10%). This resulted in 10 g (165%) of racemic [[(7S,8S)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]oxy](tert-butyl)diphenylsilane as colorless oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.72-7.68 (m, 4H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 6H), 7.25-7.00 (m, 5H), 3.88-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.56-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.18 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.02-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.38-1.28 (m, 1H), 1.18-1.10 (m, 1H), 1.00 (s, 9H) ppm.

Step 6: Synthesis of racemic (3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexan-1-one

Into a 500-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic [[(7S,8S)-7-benzyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]oxy](tert-butyl)diphenylsilane (11 g, 22.60 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (200 mL) and FeCl₃-6H₂O (24 g, 89.22 mmol, 3.95 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting solution was diluted with 100 mL of DC and washed with 3×500 mL of brine (sat.), 1×500 mL of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide (aq.) and 1×500 mL of brine (sat.). The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 10 g (100%) of racemic (3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexan-1-one as yellow oil. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.98 min, m/z=465.1 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 7: Synthesis of racemic (1S,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexan-1-ol

Into a 250-mL three neck round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed racemic (3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexan-1-one (9 g, 20.33 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), and methanol (50 mL). This was followed by the addition of NaBLL (1.6 g, 43.45 mmol, 2.14 equiv) in portions at −10° C. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 5 mL of 0.5M sodium hydroxide (aq.). The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with 500 mL of EA and washed with 3×300 mL of brine (sat.). The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (3%˜20%). This resulted in 3.1 g (34%) of racemic (1S,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexan-1-ol as colorless oil. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=2.00 min, m/z=445.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 8: Synthesis of racemic (1S,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexyl methanesulfonate

Into a 250-mL 3-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed racemic (1S,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexan-l-ol (3.6 g, 8.10 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (100 mL), and DIEA (3.2 g, 24.76 mmol, 3.06 equiv). This was followed by the addition of methanesulfonyl chloride (1.4 g, 12.22 mmol, 1.51 equiv) at 0-5° C. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted with 200 mL of DCM and washed with 3×100 mL of brine (sat.). The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 4.5 g (crude) of racemic (1S,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexyl methanesulfonate as yellow oil.

Step 9: Synthesis of racemic [[(1S,2S,4R)-4-azido-2-benzylcyclohexyl]oxy](tert-butyl)diphenylsilane

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic (1S,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexyl methanesulfonate (4.5 g, 8.61 mmol, 1.00 equiv), N,N-dimethylformamide (60 mL) and NaN₃ (1.7 g, 26.15 mmol, 3.04 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred at 100° C. overnight. The resulting solution was diluted with 300 mL of EA and washed with 3×200 mL of brine (sat.). The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solid was dried in an oven under reduced pressure and then purified by Pre_HPLC with the following conditions: Column: Xbridge C18, 19*150 mm, 5 um; Mobile Phase A:Water/0.05% NH₄HCO₃, Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 30 mL/min; Gradient: 84% B to 85% B in 20 min; 254 nm.This resulted in 1 g (25%) of racemic [[(1S,2S,4R)-4-azido-2-benzylcyclohexyl]oxy](tert-butyl)diphenylsilane as colorless oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.88-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.49-7.32 (m, 6H), 7.30-7.05 (m, 5H), 3.55-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.06-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.45-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.18-1.01 (m, 10H), 1.00-0.08 (m, 1H) ppm.

Step 10 Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexyl]carbamate

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic [[(1S,2S,4R)-4-azido-2-benzylcyclohexyl]oxy](tert-butyl)diphenylsilane (1.1 g, 2.34 mmol, 1.00 equiv), methanol (80 mL), 10% Pd(OH)₂/C (0.5 g) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (800 mg, 3.67 mmol, 1.57 equiv). To the above hydrogen was introduced. The resulting solution was maintained with 2 atm pressure and stirred at room temperature overnight. The solids were filtered off and the resulting filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 1.1 g (86%) of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexyl]carbamate as yellow oil. LCMS (method B, ESI): RT=1.53 min, m/z=544.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 11: Racemic [(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl]carbamate

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask, was placed racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]cyclohexyl]carbamate (1.1 g, 2.02 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), and TBAF (2.1 g, 8.03 mmol, 3.97 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred at 50° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with 200 mL of EA. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×100 mL of brine (sat.) and dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with PE:EA (10%˜20%). This resulted in 490 mg (79%) of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl]carbamate as colorless oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.31-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.13 (m, 3H), 4.54 (brs, 1H), 3.76 (brs, 1H), 2.54-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.66-2.36 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.60-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H) ppm.

Step 12: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-(methanesulfonyloxy)cyclohexyl]carbamate

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl]carbamate (490 mg, 1.60 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (10 mL), and DIEA (622 mg, 4.81 mmol, 3.00 equiv). Then MsCl (275 mg, 2.41 mmol, 1.50 equiv) was added into dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with 50 mL of DCM and washed with 3×50 mL of brine (sat.). The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 700 mg (crude) of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-(methanesulfonyloxy)cyclohexyl]carbamate as a yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.35-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.11 (m, 3H), 4.65-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.40 (brs, 1H), 3.75 (brs, 1H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 2.60-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.14-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.97-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.41 (s, 9H) ppm.

Step 13: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-azido-3-benzylcyclohexyl]carbamate

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4S)-3-benzyl-4-(methanesulfonyloxy)cyclohexyl]carbamate (700 mg, 1.83 mmol, 1.00 equiv), N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) and NaN₃ (414 mg, 6.37 mmol, 3.49 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred at 100° C. overnight. The mixture was diluted with 100 mL of EA and washed with 3×50 mL of brine (sat.). The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 360 mg (60%) of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-azido-3-benzylcyclohexyl]carbamate as yellow oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.36-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.13 (m, 3H), 4.69-4.39 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 1H), 2.78-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.25 (m 1H), 2.00-1.46 (m, 6H), 1.40 (s, 9H) ppm.

Step 14: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-amino-3-benzylcyclohexyl]carbamate

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-azido-3-benzylcyclohexyl]carbamate (360 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1.00 equiv), 10% Palladium carbon (100 mg), and methanol (20 mL). To the above hydrogen was introduced. The resulting solution was maintained at 2 atm pressure and stirred for 3 h at room temperature. The solids were filtered off and the filtrate concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 240 mg of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-amino-3-benzylcyclohexyl]carbamate as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.32-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.06 (m, 1H), 4.80-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.49 (m, 5H), 1.43 (s, 9H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.19 min, m/z=305.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 15: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-3-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)cyclohexyl]carbamate

Into a 50-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (121 mg, 0.79 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-4-amino-3-benzylcyclohexyl]carbamate (240 mg, 0.79 mmol, 1.00 equiv), EDCI (302 mg, 1.58 mmol, 2.00 equiv), HOBT (213 mg, 1.58 mmol, 2.00 equiv), TEA (319 mg, 3.15 mmol, 4.00 equiv), and dichloromethane (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was washed with 1×10 mL of water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solids were filtered out and the filtrate concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (50:1). This resulted in 280 mg (81%) of racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-3-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)cyclohexyl]carbamate as a white solid. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=2.12 min, m/z=462.1 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 16: Synthesis of racemic N-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-amino-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed racemic tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S,4R)-3-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)cyclohexyl]carbamate (280 mg, 0.64 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (20 mL). To the above hydrogen chloride(g) was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum and crude product purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (1#-Pre-HPLC-005(Waters)): Column, Atlantis Prep OBD T3 Column, 19*150 mm, 5 um; mobile phase, water with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and CH₃CN ( up to 3.0% in 10 min, up to 100.0% in 1 min, hold 100.0% in 1 min); Detector, UV 254 nm. This resulted in 40 mg (17%) of racemic N-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-amino-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 7.32-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.215-7.15 (m, 3H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.48 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.13 (m 2H), 2.09-1.79 (m, 3H), 1.69-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.11 (m, 2H), 1.04-0.96 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.45 min, m/z=440.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 17: Synthesis of diasteriomeric mixture of tert-butyl N-[(2R)-1-[[(1S,3R,4S)-3-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)cyclohexyl]carbamoyl]propan-2-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(2R)-1-[[(1R,3S,4R)-3-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)cyclohexyl]carbamoyl]propan-2-yl]carbamate

Into a 50-mL round-bottom flask was placed (3R)-3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]butanoic acid (33 mg, 0.16 mmol, 1.53 equiv), N-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-amino-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (40 mg, 0.11 mmol, 1.00 equiv), EDCI (41 mg, 0.21 mmol, 2.01 equiv), HOBT (29 mg, 0.21 mmol, 2.02 equiv), TEA (43 mg, 0.42 mmol, 3.99 equiv), and dichloromethane (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. The mixture was then washed with 1×10 mL of water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solids were filtered off and the filtrate concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (50:1). This resulted in 50 mg (90%) of a diastereomeric mixture of tert-butyl N-[(2R)-1-[[(1S,3R,4S)-3-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)cyclohexyl]carbamoyl]propan-2-yl]carbamate and N-[(2R)-1-[[(1R,3S,4R)-3-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)cyclohexyl]carbamoyl]propan-2-yl]carbamate as a white solid. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.57 min, m/z=425.1 [M+2H-Boc]⁺.

Step 18: Synthesis of diastereomeric mixture of N-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-[(3S)-3-aminobutanamido]-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide and N-[(1R,2S,4R)-4-[(3S)-3-aminobutanamido]-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 50-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl N-[(2R)-1-[[(1S,3R,4S)-3-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)cyclohexyl]carbamoyl]propan-2-yl]carbamate (50 mg, 0.10 mmol, 1.00 equiv), and dichloromethane (10 mL). To the above hydrogen chloride was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum and the crude product purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (Prep-HPLC-025): Column, XBridge Prep Phenyl OBD Column, 5 um, 19*150 mm; mobile phase, Water with 10 mmol NH₄HCO₃ and MeCN (20.0% MeCN up to 30.0% in 10 min, up to 95.0% in 1 min, hold 95.0% in 1 min, down to 20.0% in 2 min); Detector, UV 254/220 nm. This resulted in 20.8 mg (51%) of a diastereomeric mixture of N-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-[(3R)-3-aminobutanamido]-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide and N-[(1R,2S,4R)-4-[(3R)-3-aminobutanamido]-2-benzylcyclohexyl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 7.30-7.10 (m, 5H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.38 (m 1H), 2.29-2.15 (m, 3H), 2.09-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.06 (m, 5H), 1.04-0.92 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.54 min, m/z=425.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 4 Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-[3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamido]cyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (cpd. No. 11)

Into a 100 mL round-bottom flask was placed 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (150 mg, 0.60 mmol, 1.00 equiv), 3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propanoic acid (114 mg, 0.80 mmol, 1.50 equiv), TEA (161 mg, 1.59 mmol, 3.00 equiv), dichloromethane (15 mL), and HATU (404 mg, 1.06 mmol, 2.00 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum and the residue purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (10:1). This resulted in 24.6 mg (11%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-[3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamido]cyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 8.47 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.58 (t, J=13.5 Hz, 2H), 2.45-2.34 (m, 4H), 2.25-2.13(m, 3H), 1.83 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 4H), 1.65 (s, 4H), 1.41 (q, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (q, J=10.5 Hz, 2H), 1.13-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.97-0.84 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.30 min, m/z=375.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 5 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-[(3-aminopropane)sulfonamido]cyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (Cpd. No. 34)

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-[[3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)propane]sulfonamido]cyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-aminocyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride salt (300 mg, 1.20 mmol, 1.00 equiv). This was followed by the addition of dichloromethane (40 mL) and TEA (320 mg, 3.17 mmol, 3.00 equiv). Then 3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)propane-1-sulfonyl chloride (360 mg, 1.25 mmol, 1.20 equiv) was added batchwise 3 times over 30 minutes at room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate. This resulted in 320 mg (53%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-[[3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)propane]sulfonamido]cyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.11 min, m/z=501.3 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-[(3-aminopropane)sulfonamido]cyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-[[3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)propane]sulfonamido]cyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (320 mg, 0.64 mmol, 1.00 equiv), methanol (25 mL), and hydrazine hydrate (2.5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum and the residue purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (4:1). Then the crude product was purified by Flash-Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (Prep-HPLC-025): Column, XBridge Prep C18 OBD Column, 5 um, 19×150 mm,; mobile phase, WATER WITH 0.05% TFA and MeCN (5.0% MeCN up to 21.0% in 10 min); Detector, UV 254/220 nm. The fractions containing product were combined and acidified with 6 N hydrochloric acid, concentrated and freeze-dried. This resulted in 31.3 mg (13%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(1r,4r)-4-[(3-aminopropane)sulfonamido]cyclohexyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. ¹HNMR (300 MHz, D₂O): δ 6.26 (s, 1H), 3.78-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.12 (m, 3H), 3.06 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 2.14-1.81 (m, 7H), 1.48-1.29 (m, 4H), 1.09-0.99 (m, 2H), 0.92-0.82 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.34 min, m/z=371.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 6 Synthesis of N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-((R)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide and N-((1R,2S,4R)-4-((R)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide (diastereomeric mixture) (See cpd. No. 7)

Step 1: Synthesis of 1,1-dimethyl-2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)hydrazine

1,1-dimethylhydrazine (9.71 ml, 128 mmol) was added at RT to a solution of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one (10 g, 64 mmol) in toluene (100 ml). The reaction was refluxed with a Dean-Stark trap until ˜2 ml of water have been removed. After ON reflux the reaction was complete by LCMS and NMR and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford 1,1-dimethyl-2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)hydrazine as a light yellow oil which crystallised upon standing (12.6 g, quantitative) which was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (250 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 3.78 (s, 4H), 2.53-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.23 (m, 8H), 1.69-1.51 (m, 4H).

Step 2: Synthesis of (E)-2-(7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)-1,1-dimethylhydrazine

1,1-dimethyl-2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)hydrazine (12.69 g, 64 mmol) was dissolved in THF (50 ml) and cooled to −78° C. 2M lithium dipropan-2-ylazanide (41.62 ml) was added dropwise and the reaction was stirred for 30 min at −78° C. Iodoethane (7.7 ml, 96 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction was allowed to warm to RT. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After 2 h at RT LCMS showed mostly desired mass and double alkylation (in the MS trace). The solution was quenched with NH₄Cl (saturated, 70 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (3×100 ml). The combined organic phase was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford (E)-2-(7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)-1,1-dimethylhydrazine as a light yellow oil which was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 3.98 (ttd, J=7.5, 6.2, 5.4, 3.4 Hz, 3H), 2.54 (ddd, J=14.0, 8.5, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 2.49-2.30 (m, 5H), 2.05-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.17 (m, 1H), 1.02-0.79 (m, 3H).

Step 3: Synthesis of 7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one

Crude (E)-2-(7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)-1,1-dimethylhydrazine was dissolved in THF (50 ml) adding water (50 ml), AcOH (75 ml) and AcONa (24 g) at 0° C. The solution was stirred at RT for 1 h. Water (120 ml) was added and the solution was neutralised with Na₂CO₃, and then extracted with EtOAc (4×100 ml). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to dryness to afford 15 g of yellow oil which was purified in 2-4 g batches by Biotage (SNAP 100 g-340 g, eluent Hep/EtOAc 95/5 to 20/80) to afford a total of 4.33 g (36%) of 7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one as dark oil. ¹H NMR (250 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 4.14-3.94 (m, 4H), 2.73-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.36 (ddd, J=14.0, 5.0, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 2.18-1.91 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.56 (m, 3H), 1.26 (dp, J=14.2, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 0.88 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). TLC (Hep/EtOAc, 8/2); Rf=0.31

Step 4: Synthesis of racemic (7R,8R)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol

7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one (1 g, 5.43 mmol) was dissolved in THF/MeOH (1/1, 10 ml) at −10° C. Sodium tetrahydroborate (246 mg, 6.51 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at −10° C. monitoring by TLC (Hep/EtOAc 7/3). After 2 h NaOH (0.5M, 10 ml) was added and the solution was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 ml). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by Biotage (SNAP 100 g, eluent Hep/EtOAc 95/5 to 60/40) to afford 600 mg of racemic (7R,8R)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (59%), 100 mg of racemic (7R,8S)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (10%) and 300 mg of mixed fractions (1/1, 30%). (7R,8R)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 4.01-3.89 (m, 4H), 3.30 (tt, J=9.9, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 1.96-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.71 (m, 3H), 1.65-1.46 (m, 3H), 1.39 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 1.31-1.14 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). (7R,8S)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 3.99-3.85 (m, 5H), 1.89-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.20 (m, 1H), 0.91 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Step 5: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl(((7R,8R)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)oxy)diphenylsilane

To a solution of racemic (7R,8R)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol (93% purity, 4.6 g, 0.02 mol) and 1H-imidazole (4.69 g, 0.07 mol) in DCM (200 mL) was added TBDPSCl (11.95 ml, 0.05 mol) dropwise over 5 min at 0° C.; an off-white precipitate formed immediately. The reaction was slowly warmed to RT and stirred at RT for 72 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (200 mL) and washed with water (150 mL), brine (150 mL), and dried over MgSO₄. The combined organic phases were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, to give a sticky colourless residue. The residue was purified by Biotage (sample wet-loaded to SNAP KP Sil 340 g cartridge, eluent from 0% to 3% EtOAc in Heptane, held at 3% EtOAc in Heptane until all desired product eluted) to afford racemic tert-butyl(((7R,8R)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)oxy)diphenylsilane as colourless oil (9.7 g, 99% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.69 (td, J=7.9, 1.4 Hz, 4H), 7.46-7.31 (m, 6H), 3.98-3.84 (m, 4H), 3.47-3.36 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.49 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.24 (m, 1H), 1.24-1.11 (m, 2H), 1.05 (s, 9H), 0.77 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Step 6: Synthesis of racemic (3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanone

To a solution of racemic tert-butyl({[(7R,8R)-7-ethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]oxy})diphenylsilane (10 g, 23.55 mmol) in DCM (200 mL), FeCl₃.6H₂O (32.8 g, 121.35 mmol) was added. The resulting orange suspension was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was quenched with water (150 mL), the organic phase separated, and the aqueous phase extracted with DCM (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to afford 8 g (89%) of racemic (3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanone as a colourless oil which solidified to a white solid on standing. ¹H NMR (250 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.72 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 4H), 7.43 (q, J=7.7, 6.5 Hz, 6H), 3.92 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (dd, J=13.9, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.82-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.13 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 2H), 1.91 (d, J=19.8 Hz, 3H), 1.37-1.07 (m, 2H), 1.13 (s, 9H), 0.74 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Step 7: Synthesis of racemic (1R,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanol

A stirred solution racemic (3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanone (9.4 g, 24.7 mmol) in THF/MeOH (100 mL, 1:1) was cooled to −10° C. NaBH₄ (1.4 g, 37.05 mmol) was added portionwise at −10° C. and the reaction stirred at −10° C. for 1.5 h and at RT overnight. NaOH (0.5M, 120 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. Then, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL), washed with brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to give a colourless oily residue which was purified by Biotage (HP SNAP 100 g Cartridge, Sample wet loading, collection all fraction, gradient from 5% to 40% EtOAc in heptanes). The desired isomer rich fractions were combined and further purified by second Biotage (HP SNAP 100 g Cartridge, gradient from 5% to 40% EtOAc in heptanes). All the clean fractions of desired product were combined and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford 6.57 g (66%) of racemic (1R,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanol. TLC (Hep:EtOAc, 8:2), Rf=0.19 (UV active, major isomer), Rf=0.25 UV active, minor isomer). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.68 (ddd, J=11.8, 8.0, 1.4 Hz, 4H), 7.46-7.33 (m, 6H), 3.64-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.32 (td, J=10.2, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.03-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.28 (m, 1H), 1.18-1.05 (m, 1H), 1.04 (s, 9H), 1.04-0.94 (m, 1H), 0.93-0.83 (m, 1H), 0.81 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 2.26 min, Hydrophobic (METCR1426, 3 min), m/z 365.15 (M⁺−H₂O+1).

Step 8: Synthesis of racemic (((1R,2R,4S)-4-azido-2-ethylcyclohexyl)oxy)(tert-butyl)diphenylsilane

To a solution of racemic (1R,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanol (90% purity, 2.20 g, 4.75 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) at 0° C. was added DIPEA (2.48 ml, 14.25 mmol) followed by addition of methanesulfonyl chloride (550 μl, 7.13 mmol). The resulting mixture was then warmed to RT. After 2 h, LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction was quenched by addition of NaHCO₃ (50 mL), the organic phase was separated and the aqueous extracted with DCM (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL) and dried over MgSO₄ and solvent removed under reduced pressure yielding a yellow-orange oil used for next stage directly without purification.

To a solution of the above yellow-orange oil in DMF (50 mL) was added sodium azide (0.927 g, 14.25 mmol) and the resulting reaction mixture heated to 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ (50 mL) was added, and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄ and then evaporated under reduced pressure to give a colourless oily residue. Purification by silica column (manually), solvent gradient from 1% to 5% EtOAc in heptane to give racemic (((1R,2R,4S)-4-azido-2-ethylcyclohexyl)oxy)(tert-butyl)diphenylsilane as colourless oil, 1.04 g (>95% purity, 54% yield) and 0.75 g (80% purity, 31% yield). TLC (Hep:EtOAc, 8:2), Rf=0.7. ¹H NMR (250 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.67 (dq, J=5.6, 1.7 Hz, 4H), 7.50-7.29 (m, 6H), 3.62-3.44 (m, 2H), 1.97 (ddd, J=12.8, 8.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.90-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.35 (m, 4H), 1.18-1.04 (m, 1H), 1.07 (s, 9H), 0.72 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 2.63 min, Hydrophobic (METCR1426, 3 min), m/z 380.1 (M⁺−N₂+1).

Step 9: Synthesis of racemic (1S,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanamine

Racemic (((1R,2R,4S)-4-azido-2-ethylcyclohexyl)oxy)(tert-butyl)diphenylsilane (1.04 g, 2.55 mmol ) was dissolved in EtOH (30 mL) and the reaction mixture was purged with nitrogen twice. Pd/C (10%, 100 mg) was added. The resulting mixture was purged with N₂ twice, and then was purged with H₂ twice. The mixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere at RT overnight. Then, the reaction was degassed and refilled N₂ twice for work up. The reaction mixture was filtered through a compact Celite pad and washed with ethanol (200 mL). The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to yield racemic (1S,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanamine as colourless sticky oil, 1.02 g (99% yield). ¹H NMR (250 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.67 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 4H), 7.37 (q, J=6.1, 5.6 Hz, 6H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 2.97 (s, br, 3H), 1.99-1.41 (m, 6H), 1.34-1.04 (m, 3H), 1.04 (s, 9H), 0.68 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 1.49 min, Hydrophobic (METCR1426, 3 min), m/z 382.1 (M⁺+1).

Step 10: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate

To a solution of racemic (1S,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexanamine (1.02 g, 2.54 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) at 0° C., NEt₃ (0.71 ml, 5.08 mmol) and Boc₂O (0.94 g, 4.32 mmol) were added. Then the reaction was stirred at RT overnight. The mixture was diluted with 50 mL DCM, washed with aqueous saturated NaHCCh (30 mL), and brine (30 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a colourless oily residue which was purified by manual silica column, eluent from 2% to 10% EtOAc in heptane to afford racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate as colourless oil, 1.4 g, (NMR showed some residual Boc₂O, assumed 100% yield, 87% purity and used directly for next stage). TLC (Hep:EtOAc, 4:6), Rf=0.72 (UV and ninhydrin active). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.76-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.48-7.30 (m, 6H), 4.49 (s, 1H), 3.66-3.49 (m, 2H), 1.77 (ddd, J=13.3, 9.5, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 1.66-1.47 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.38-1.24 (m, 3H), 1.23-1.12 (m, 1H), 1.07 (s, 9H), 0.70 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 2.58 min, Hydrophobic (METCR1426, 3 min), m/z 504.1 (M+Na⁺).

Step 11: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate

To a solution of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4R)-4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate (86%, 5.13 g, 9.16 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added 1M TBAF (36.6 mL, 36.6 mmol) dropwise at RT which was then stirred at 50° C. for 21 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary-evaporation under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc (130 mL). The mixture was washed with 50 mL water, 50 mL brine, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by Biotage (Sample was wet-loaded with 12% EtOAc in Heptane to a SNAP-HP Sil 100 g Cartridge, gradient from 12% to 90% EtOAc in Heptane) to afford racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate as colourless sticky oil, 1.9 g (84% yield). TLC (Hep:EtOAc, 1:1), Rf=0.54 (positive stain in ninhydrin). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 4.61 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 1H), 3.49-3.31 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.33 (m, 12H), 1.37-1.18 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Step 12: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-4-azido-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (655 mg, 2.69 mmol) in DCM (20 mL at 0° C., DIPEA (1.41 ml, 8.08 mmol) was added, followed by addition of methanesulfonyl chloride (0.31 ml, 4.04 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min and then allowed to stir at RT. After 2 h, the reaction was quenched by addition of aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ (20 mL), the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL) and dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure yielding a yellow-orange oily residue used directly without purification.

To a solution of the above yellow orange oil in DMF (20 mL) was added sodium azide (525 mg, 8.08 mmol) and the reaction mixture heated to 100° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and diluted with aqueous saturated NaHCCh (75 mL) and water (75 mL), then extracted with diethyl ether (4×50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with 30 mL water, 30 mL brine, and then dried over MgSO₄. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by Biotage (sample wet-loaded onto a SNAP KP Sil 100 g cartridge, gradient from 12% to 90% EtOAc in heptane) to afford racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-4-azido-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate as a colourless oil, 445 mg (93% yield). TLC (positive stain in ninhydrin, EtOAc/Heptane, 1:1), Rf=0.62. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 4.54 (s, 1H), 3.96-3.48 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.70 (ddt, J=20.1, 9.5, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 1.63-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.38 (m, 12H), 1.33-1.21 (m, 1H), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Step 13: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-4-amino-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate

Racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-4-azido-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate (445 mg, 1.66 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (20 mL) and the reaction mixture was purged with N₂ twice. Then, Pd/C (10%, 68 mg) was added and the reaction mixture was purged with N₂ twice, followed by purging with H₂ twice and stirring under H₂ atmosphere at RT overnight. The reaction was purged with N₂ twice to be worked up. The mixture was passed through a short compacted Celite pad, and washed with 150 mL EtOH. The filtrate was evaporated to give racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-4-amino-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate as a colourless oil, 365 mg (81% yield). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 4.47 (br, 1H), 3.70 (br, 1H), 2.97 (dt, J=7.6, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 1.98-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.40-1.11 (m, 7H), 0.92 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

Step 14: Synthesis of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)carbamate

To a solution of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-4-amino-3-ethylcyclohexyl)carbamate (90% purity, 215 mg, 0.8 mmol) andDIPEA (0.42 ml, 2.4 mmol) in DMF 8 mL was added 5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (135 mg, 0.96 mmol) followed by addition of HATU (395 mg, 1.04 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred at RT. After 2 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue dissolved in DCM (80 mL). This solution was washed water (2×20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified twice by Biotage (sample absorbed on Telos™ Bulk Sorbents and dry-loaded to a SNAP KP-SIL-100 g Cartridge, eluent with 12% to 100% EtOAc in heptanes). The product rich fractions was combined and concentrated to give a white solid, which was further washed with small amount of heptane yielding 160 mg of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)carbamate was obtained as white solid (52% yield). TLC (50% EtOAc in heptanes), Rf=0.6. ¹H NMR (250 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.77 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (s, 1H), 4.23 (s, 1H), 3.71 (s, 1H), 2.81 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.99-1.64 (m, 5H), 1.53-1.18 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 1.37 min, (METCR1673, Generic 2 min), m/z 388.00 (M+Na⁺).

Step 15: Synthesis of racemic N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-amino-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

4M HCl in Dioxane (10 ml) was added at RT to a solution of racemic tert-butyl ((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)carbamate (160 mg, 0.44 mmol) in DCM (5 ml). The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. The solvent was evaporated to afford racemic N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-amino-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid 140 mg, ¹H NMR showed about 90% purity, and the material was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.10 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.01 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.46 (m, 3H), 1.42-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.32 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 0.86 min, (METCR1673, Generic 2 min), m/z 266.00 (M⁺+1).

Step 16: Synthesis of diastereomeric mixture of tert-butyl ((R)-4-(((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((R)-4-(((1R,3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl) amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate

To a suspension of racemic N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-amino-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (90%, 70 mg, 0.21 mmol) in DMF (7 mL) was added DIPEA (0.15 ml, 0.83 mmol) and (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid (51 mg, 0.25 mmol) followed by addition of HATU (103 mg, 0.27 mmol) at RT. After stirring at RT for 2 h, the reaction was quenched with 1 mL water, and then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM (50 mL), washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSCO₄, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a white solid residue. This residue was purified by Biotage (sample wet-loaded to SNAP KP-SIL 25 g Cartridge, eluent from 2% to 20% MeOH in DCM). The combined clean fractions were evaporated under reduced pressure to give a white solid. This solid was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) and filtered via filter paper by gravity to remove the insoluble silica gel and washed the insoluble silica gel with 10 mL DCM. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to afford a diastereomer mixture of tert-butyl ((R)-4-(((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((R)-4-(((1R,3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate as a white solid, 58 mg (55% yield, NMR showed about 90% purity; containing DMF≈5% wt, DCM≈2% wt and tetramethylurea≈3% wt) and used without further purification. TLC (10% MeOH in DCM), Rf=0.46. ¹H NMR (250 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.78 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.03 (s, 1H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 4.22 (s, 1H), 4.12-3.84 (m, 2H), 2.81 (q, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.46-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.64 (m, 5H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.31 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.58-1.05 (m, 4H), 1.22 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 1.32 min, (METCR1673, Generic 2 min), m/z 451.00 (M⁺+1), 473.10 (M+Na⁺).

Step 17: Synthesis of diastereomeric mixture of N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-((R)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide and N-((1R,2S,4R)-4-((R)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

4M HCl in Dioxane (5 ml) was added at RT to a solution of a diastereomeric mixture tert-butyl ((R)-4-(((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((R)-4-(((1R,3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate (95%, 65 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DCM (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give a white solid residue, and the residue was triturated with EtOAC (15 mL). This mixture was sonicated for about 2 min, then filtered to collect the white solid and washed with EtOAc (about 5 mL) which removed the soluble impurity of tetramethylurea introduced from the starting material. The white solid was then dissolved in MeOH and filtered off insoluble material. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a diastereomeric mixture of N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-((R)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride and N-((1R,2S,4R)-4-((R)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid, 45 mg, 99% yield. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 6.47 (s, 1H), 4.17 (dt, J=8.8, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 3.97 (dq, J=9.1, 5.0, 4.3 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (h, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.65-2.46 (m, 3H), 2.06-1.85 (m, 6H), 1.79 (ddt, J=20.0, 10.4, 4.3 Hz, 4H), 1.58-1.35 (m, 8H), 1.34 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 4H), 1.31 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 2.73 min, (METCR11416, Hires 7 min), m/z 351.00 (M⁺+1), 373.05 (M+Na⁺).

Example 7 Synthesis of N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-((S)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide and N-((1R,2S,4R)-4-((S)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide (diastereomeric mixture) (See Cpd. No. 6)

Step 1: Synthesis of diastereomeric mixture of tert-butyl ((S)-4-(((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((S)-4-(((1R,3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl) amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate

Following the same procedure used to couple (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid with racemic N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-amino-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride, coupling of the latter with (S)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid yielded a diastereomer mixture of tert-butyl ((S)-4-(((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl) amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((S)-4-(((1R,3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate which was isolated as a white solid, 79 mg, 76% yield, 90% purity (Containing trace amount of DMF, 8% wt DCM and 2% wt tetramethylurea). TLC (10% MeOH in DCM), Rf=0.46. ¹H NMR (250 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.78 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 4.32-4.11 (m, 1H), 4.11-3.85 (m, 2H), 2.81 (q, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.44-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.07-1.62 (m, 5H), 1.59-1.08 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.31 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 1.32 min, (METCR1673, Generic 2 min), m/z 451.15 (M⁺+1), 473.10 (M+Na⁺).

Step 2: Synthesis of diastereomeric mixture of N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-((S)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide and N-((1R,2S,4R)-4-((S)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

Following the same procedure as was used to remove the Boc group from the diastereomeric mixture of tert-butyl ((R)-4-(((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((R)-4-(((1R,3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate, the diastereomeric mixture tert-butyl ((S)-4-(((1S,3R,4S)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((S)-4-(((1R,3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)cyclohexyl)amino)-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate yielded a diastereomeric mixture of N-((1S,2R,4S)-4-((S)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide and N-((1R,2S,4R)-4-((S)-3-aminobutanamido)-2-ethylcyclohexyl)-5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride isolated as a white solid, 50 mg, 82% yield. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 8.15 (dd, J=18.9, 7.5 Hz, 0H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.57 (m, 1H), 2.84 (q, 2H), 2.63-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.87 (m, 3H), 1.86-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.35 (m, 4H), 1.38-1.27 (m, 6H), 0.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H). LCMS: 2.71 min, (METCR11416, Hires 7 min), m/z 351.05 (M⁺+1), 373.00 (M+Na⁺).

Example 8 SMYD3 Biochemical Assay General Materials

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), Tris, Tween20, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), bovine skin gelatin (BSG), and Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride solution (TCEP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich at the highest level of purity possible. ³H-SAM was purchase from American Radiolabeled Chemicals with a specific activity of 80 Ci/mmol. 384-well opaque white OptiPlates and SPA beads (Perkin Elmer, catalog # RPNQ0013) were purchased from PerkinElmer.

Substrates

N-terminally GST-tagged MEKK2 (MAP3K2) protein corresponding to reference sequence AAF63496.3 was purchased from Life Technologies (catalog # PV4010). This protein was expressed in High Five insect cells and purified to >85 % purity. Protein identity was confirmed by MS/MS analysis after proteolytic digestion. The protein sequence used was:

(SEQ ID No. 1) MAPILGYWKIKGLVQPTRLLLEYLEEKYEEHLYERDEGDKWRNK KFELGLEFPNLPYYIDGDVKLTQSMAIIRYIADKHNMLGGCPKERA EISMLEGAVLDIRYGVSRIAYSKDFETLKVDFLSKLPEMLKMFEDR LCHKTYLNGDHVTHPDFMLYDALDVVLYMDPMCLDAFPKLVCF KKRIEAIPQIDKYLKSSKYIAWPLQGWQATFGGGDHPPKSDLVPRH NQTSLYKKAGTMDDQQALNSIMQDLAVLHKASRPALSLQETRKA KSSSPKKQNDVRVKFEHRGEKRILQFPRPVKLEDLRSKAKIAFGQS MDLHYTNNELVIPLTTQDDLDKALELLDRSIHMKSLKILLVINGST QATNLEPLPSLEDLDNTVFGAERKKRLSIIGPTSRDRSSPPPGYIPDE LHQVARNGSFTSINSEGEFIPESMEQMLDPLSLSSPENSGSGSCPSL DSPLDGESYPKSRMPRAQSYPDNHQEFSDYDNPIFEKFGKGGTYPR RYHVSYHHQEYNDGRKTFPRARRTQGNQLTSPVSFSPTDHSLSTSS GSSIFTPEYDDSRIRRRGSDIDNPTLTVMDISPPSRSPRAPTNWRLG KLLGQGAFGRVYLCYDVDTGRELAVKQVQFDPDSPETSKEVNAL ECEIQLLKNLLHERIVQYYGCLRDPQEKTLSIFMEYMPGGSIKDQL KAYGALTENVTRKYTRQILEGVHYLHSNMIVHRDIKGANILRDST GNVKLGDFGASKRLQTICLSGTGMKSVTGTPYWMSPEVISGQGYG RKADIWSVACTVVEMLTEKPPWAEFEAMAAIFKIATQPTNPKLPP HVSDYTRDFLKRIFVEAKLRPSADELLRHMFVHYH..

Molecular Biology

Full-length human SMYD3 isoform 1 (BAB86333) was inserted into a modified pET21b plasmid containing a His6 tag and TEV and SUMO cleavage sites. Because two common variants of SMYD3 exist in the population, site directed mutagenesis was subsequently performed to change amino acid 13 from an asparagine to a lysine, resulting in plasmid pEPZ533. A lysine at position 13 conforms to the more commonly occurring sequence (NP_001161212).

Protein Expression

E. coli (BL21 codonplus RIL strain, Stratagene) were transformed with plasmid pEPZ553 by mixing competent cells and plasmid DNA and incubating on ice for 30minutes followed by heat shock at 42° C. for 1 minute and cooling on ice for 2 minutes. Transformed cells were grown and selected on LB agar with 100 μg/mL ampicillin and 17 μg/mL chloramphenicol at 37° C. overnight. A single clone was used to inoculate 200 mL of LB medium with 100 μg/mL ampicillin and 17 μg/mL chloramphenicol and incubated at 37° C. on an orbital shaker at 180 rpm. Once in log growth, the culture was diluted 1:100 into 2 L of LB medium and grown until OD₆₀₀ was about 0.3 after which the culture was incubated at 15° C. and 160 rpm. Once OD₆₀₀ reached about 0.4, IPTG was added to a final concentration of 0.1 mM and the cells were grown overnight at 15° C. and 160 rpm. Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 8000 rpm, for 4 minutes at 4° C. and stored at −80° C. for purification.

Protein Purification

Expressed full-length human His-tagged SMYD3 protein was purified from cell paste by Nickel affinity chromatography after equilibration of the resin with Buffer A (25 mM Tris, 200 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, 5 mM β-mercaptoethanol, pH7.8). The column was washed with Buffer B (Buffer A plus 20 mM imidazole) and His-tagged SMYD3 was eluted with Buffer C (Buffer A plus 300 mM imidazole). The His tag, TEV and SUMO cleavage sites were removed generating native SMYD3 by addition of ULP1 protein at a ratio of 1:200 (ULP1:SMYD3). Imidazole was removed by dialysis overnight in Buffer A. The dialyzed solution was applied to a second Nickel column and the native SMYD3 protein was collected from the column flow-through. The flow-through was dialyzed in Buffer D (25 mM Tris, 5% glycerol, 5 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 50 mM NaCl, pH7.8) and ULP1 was removed using a Q sepharose fast flow column. SMYD3 was eluted in Buffer A and further purified using an S200 size-exclusion column equilibrated with Buffer A. SMYD3 was concentrated to 2 mg/mL with a final purity of 89%.

Predicted Translation:

SMYD3 (Q9H7B4) (SEQ ID No. 2) MEPLKVEKFATAKRGNGLRAVTPLRPGELLFRSDPLAYTVCKGSR GVVCDRCLLGKEKLMRCSQCRVAKYCSAKCQKKAWPDHKRECK CLKSCKPRYPPDSVRLLGRVVFKLMDGAPSESEKLYSFYDLESNIN KLTEDKKEGLRQLVMTFQHFMREEIQDASQLPPAFDLFEAFAKVIC NSFTICNAEMQEVGVGLYPSISLLNHSCDPNCSIVFNGPHLLLRAV RDIEVGEELTICYLDMLMTSEERRKQLRDQYCFECDCFRCQTQDK DADMLTGDEQVWKEVQESLKKIEELKAHWKWEQVLAMCQAIISS NSERLPDINIYQLKVLDCAMDACINLGLLEEALFYGTRTMEPYRIFF PGSHPVRGVQVMKVGKLQLHQGMFPQAMKNLRLAFDIMRVTHG REHSLIEDLILLLEECDANIRAS..

General Procedure for SMYD3 Enzyme Assays on MEKK2 Protein Substrate

The assays were all performed in a buffer consisting of 25 mM Tris-Cl pH 8.0, 1 mM TCEP, 0.005% BSG, and 0.005% Tween 20, prepared on the day of use. Compounds in 100% DMSO (1 ul) were spotted into a 384-well white opaque OptiPlate using a Bravo automated liquid handling platform outfitted with a 384-channel head (Agilent Technologies). DMSO (1 ul) was added to Columns 11, 12, 23, 24, rows A-H for the maximum signal control and 1 ul of SAH, a known product and inhibitor of SMYD3, was added to columns 11, 12, 23, 24, rows I-P for the minimum signal control. A cocktail (40 ul) containing the SMYD3 enzyme was added by Multidrop Combi (Thermo-Fisher). The compounds were allowed to incubate with SMYD3 for 30 min at room temperature, then a cocktail (10 ul) containing SAM and MEKK2 was added to initiate the reaction (final volume=51 ul). The final concentrations of the components were as follows: SMYD3 was 0.4 nM, 3H-SAM was 8 nM, MEKK2 was 12 nM, SAH in the minimum signal control wells was 1 mM, and the DMSO concentration was 2%. The assays were stopped by the addition of non-radiolabeled SAM (10 ul) to a final concentration of 100 uM, which dilutes the 3H-SAM to a level where its incorporation into MEKK2 is no longer detectable. Radiolabeled MEKK2 was detected using a scintillation proximity assay (SPA). 10 uL of a 10 mg/mL solution of SPA beads in 0.5 M citric acid was added and the plates centrifuged at 600 rpm for 1 min to precipitate the radiolabeled MEKK2 onto the SPA beads. The plates were then read in a PerkinElmer TopCount plate reader to measure the quantity of ³H-labeled MEKK2 as disintegrations per minute (dpm) or alternatively, referred to as counts per minute (cpm).

% Inhibition Calculation

${\% \mspace{14mu} {tnh}} = {100 - {\left( \frac{{dpn}_{cmpd} - {dpm}_{\min}}{{dpm}_{\max} - {dpm}_{\min}} \right) \times 100}}$

Where dpm=disintegrations per minute, cmpd=signal in assay well, and min and max are the respective minimum and maximum signal controls.

Four-Parameter IC₅₀ Fit

$Y - {Bottom} + \frac{\left( {{Top} - {Bottom}} \right)}{\left( {1 + \left( \frac{X}{{IC}_{30}} \right)^{{Hill}\mspace{14mu} {Coefficient}}} \right.}$

Where top and bottom are the normally allowed to float, but may be fixed at 100 or 0 respectively in a 3-parameter fit. The Hill Coefficient normally allowed to float but may also be fixed at 1 in a 3-parameter fit. Y is the % inhibition and X is the compound concentration.

SMYD3 biochemical assay data for representative Compounds of the Disclosure are presented in Table 1 in the column titled “SMYD3 Biochem IC₅₀ (μM).”

Example 9 SMYD3 Cell Assay Trimethyl-MEKK2-In-Cell Western Assay

293T/17 adherent cells were purchased from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection), Manassas, Va., USA. MEM/Glutamax medium, Optimem Reduced Serum medium, penicillin-streptomycin, 0.05% trypsin and 1×D-PBS were purchased from Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y., USA. PBS-1 OX was purchased from Ambion, Life Technologies, Grand Island, N.Y., USA. PBS with Tween 20 (PBST (10×)) was purchased from KPL, Gaithersburg, Md., USA. Tet System FBS-approved FBS US Source was purchased from Clontech, Mountain View, Calif., USA. Odyssey blocking buffer, 800 CW goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) antibody, 680 CW Goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) and Licor Odyssey infrared scanner were purchased from Licor Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebr., USA. Tri-methyl-Lysine [A260]-MEKK2 antibody, MEKK2 and SMYD3 plasmids were made at Epizyme. Anti-flag monoclonal mouse antibody was purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., USA. Methanol was purchased from VWR, Franklin, Mass., USA. 10%) Tween 20 was purchased from KPL, Inc., Gaithersburg, Md., USA. Fugene was purchased from Promega, Madison, Wis., USA. The Biotek ELx405 was purchased from BioTek, Winooski, Vt., USA. The multidrop combi was purchased from Thermo Scientific, Waltham, Mass., USA.

293T/17 adherent cells were maintained in growth medium (MEM/Glutamax medium supplemented with 10% v/v Tet System FBS and cultured at 37° C. under 5% CO₂.

Cell Treatment, In Cell Western (ICW) for Detection of Trimethyl-Lysine-MEKK2 and MEKK2

293T/17 cells were seeded in assay medium at a concentration of 33,333 cells per cm² in 30 mL medium per T150 flask and incubated at 37° C. under 5% CO₂. Plasmids were prepared for delivery to cells by first mixing 1350 μL Opti-MEM with Fugene (81 μL) in a sterile Eppendorf and incubated for five minutes at room temperature (RT). MEKK2-flag (13.6 ug/T150) MEKK2 p3XFlag-CMV-14 with C-3XFlag and SMYD3 (0.151 ug/T150) SMYD3 p3XFlag-CMV-14 without C-3XFlag plasmids were aliquotted to a 1.7 mL sterile microfuge tube. The gene ID for MEKK2 and SMYD3 is NM_006609.3 and Q9H7B4, respectively. Entire volume of Opti-MEM/Fugene mixture was then added to a microfuge tube containing DNA plasmid, mixed and then incubated ×15 minutes at RT. The medium on the 293T/17 cells was refreshed, and the DNA/Fugene complex is added aseptically to each flask, rocked gently, and incubated at 37 C for 5 hours. Medium was then removed, and cells were washed once with PBS in the flask. Trypsin 0.05% (3 mL) was added and cells incubated for three minutes. Room temperature MEM+10% Tet system FBS was added and cells were mixed gently, and counted using the Vi-cell. Cells were seeded at 100,000 cells/mL in 50 μL MEM/10% Tet FBS/Pen/Strep to a 384 well black/clear poly-D-lysine coated plate containing test agent diluted in DMSO. The final top concentration of test compound was 40 μM. The total concentration of DMSO did not exceed 0.2% (v/v). Plates were incubated ×30 minutes at RT in low-airflow area, followed by incubation at 37° C. under 5% CO₂ for 24 hours. Medium was aspirated from all wells of assay plates prior to fixation and permeabilization with ice cold (−20° C.) methanol (90 μL/well) for ten minutes. Plates were rinsed with PBS three times on BioTek ELx405. PBS was removed with a final aspiration, and Odyssey blocking buffer (50 μL/well) was added to each well and incubated for one hour at RT. Primary antibody solution was prepared (anti-trimethyl-MEKK2 at 1:600 dilution plus mouse anti-flag antibody at 1:10,000 dilution in diluent (Odyssey Blocking buffer+0.1% Tween 20)) and 20 μL per well was dispensed using the Multidrop Combi. Assay plates were then sealed with foil, and incubated overnight at 4° C. Plates were washed five times with PBS-Tween (IX) on Biotek ELx405 and blotted on paper towel to remove excess reagent. Detection antibody solution (IRDye 800 CW goat anti-rabbit IgG diluted 1:400 in diluent (Odyssey Blocking buffer+0.1% Tween 20), plus IRDye 680CW goat anti-mouse IgG at 1:500 in diluent (Odyssey Blocking buffer+0.1 % Tween 20) was added (20 μL/well) and incubated in dark for one hour at RT. Plates were then washed four times with PBS-T (1×) on ELx405. A final rinse with water was performed (115 μL/well× three washes on the ELx405). Plates were then centrifuged upside down, on paper towel, at 200×g to remove excess reagent. Plates were left to dry in dark for one hour. The Odyssey Imager was used to measure the integrated intensity of 700 and 800 wavelengths at resolution of 84 μm, medium quality, focus offset 4.0, 700 channel intensity=3.5 to measure the MEKK2-flag signal, 800 channel intensity=5 to measure the Trimethyl-MEKK2 signal of each well.

Calculations:

First, the ratio for each well was determined by:

$\left( \frac{{Trimethyl}\mspace{14mu} {MEKK}\; 2\mspace{14mu} 800\mspace{14mu} {nm}\mspace{11mu} {value}}{{flag}\mspace{14mu} {tagged}\mspace{14mu} {MEKK}\; 2\mspace{14mu} 700\mspace{14mu} {nm}\mspace{14mu} {value}} \right)$

Each plate included fourteen control wells of DMSO only treatment (Minimum Inhibition) as well as fourteen control wells for maximum inhibition (Background). The average of the ratio values for each control type was calculated and used to determine the percent inhibition for each test well in the plate. Reference compound was serially diluted two-fold in DMSO for a total of nine test concentrations, beginning at 40 μM. Percent inhibition was calculated (below).

${{Percent}\mspace{14mu} {Inhibition}} = {100 - \left( {\left( \frac{\left. {({Individual}){Test}\mspace{14mu} {Sample}\mspace{14mu} {Ratio}} \right) - \left( {{Background}\mspace{14mu} {Avg}\mspace{14mu} {Ratio}} \right)}{\left( {{Minimum}\mspace{14mu} {Inhibition}\mspace{14mu} {Ratio}} \right) - \left( {{Backround}\mspace{14mu} {Average}\mspace{14mu} {Ratio}} \right)} \right)*100} \right)}$

Non-linear regression curves were generated to calculate the IC₅₀ and dose-response relationship using triplicate wells per concentration of compound.

SMYD3 cell assay data for representative Compounds of the Disclosure are presented in Table 1 in the column titled “SMYD3 Cell IC₅₀ (μM).”

Example 10 SMYD2 Biochemical Assay General Materials

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), bicine, Tween20, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), bovine skin gelatin (BSG), and Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich at the highest level of purity possible. ³H-SAM was purchase from American Radiolabeled Chemicals with a specific activity of 80 Ci/mmol. 384-well streptavidin Flashplates were purchased from PerkinElmer.

Substrates

Peptide was synthesized with a N-terminal linker-affinity tag motif and a C-terminal amide cap by 21^(st) Century Biochemicals. The peptide was high high-perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purified to greater than 95% purity and confirmed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The sequence was ARTKQTARKSTGGKAPRKQLATKAARKSA(K-Biot)-amide. (SEQ ID NO: 3)

Production of Recombinant SMYD2 Enzymes for Biochemical Enzyme Activity Assays

Full length SMYD2 (NP_064582.2) was cloned into a pFastbac-Htb-lic vector with an N-terminal His6 tag and FLAG tag, preceded by a TEV protease cleavage site. The protein was expressed in Sf9 insect cells. Cells were resuspended in lysis buffer (25 mM HEPES-NaOH, pH 7.5, 200 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, and 5 mM β-ME) and lysed by sonication. The protein was purified by Ni-NTA (Qiagen), followed by TEV cleavage to remove the His6 tag, subtractive Ni-NTA (Qiagen), and gel filtration chromatography using an S200 column (GE Healthcare). Purified protein was stored in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, and 1 mM TCEP.

General Procedure for SMYD2 Enzyme Assays on Peptide Substrates

The assays were all performed in a buffer consisting of 20 mM Bicine (pH=7.6), 1 mM TCEP, 0.005% Bovine Skin Gelatin, and 0.002% Tween20, prepared on the day of use. Compounds in 100% DMSO (lul) were spotted into a polypropylene 384-well V-bottom plates (Greiner) using a Platemate Plus outfitted with a 384-channel head (Thermo Scientific). DMSO (1 ul) was added to Columns 11, 12, 23, 24, rows A-H for the maximum signal control and 1 ul of SAH, a known product and inhibitor of SMYD2, was added to columns 11, 12, 23, 24, rows I-P for the minimum signal control. A cocktail (40 ul) containing the SMYD2 enzyme was added by Multidrop Combi (Thermo-Fisher). The compounds were allowed to incubate with SMYD2 for 30 min at room temperature, then a cocktail (10 ul) containing ³H-SAM and peptide was added to initiate the reaction (final volume=51 ul). The final concentrations of the components were as follows: SMYD2 was 1.5 nM, ³H-SAM was 10 nM, and peptide was 60 nM, SAH in the minimum signal control wells was 1000 uM, and the DMSO concentration was 2%. The assays were stopped by the addition of non-radioactive SAM (10 ul) to a final concentration of 600 uM, which dilutes the ³H-SAM to a level where its incorporation into the peptide substrate is no longer detectable. 50 ul of the reaction in the 384-well polypropylene plate was then transferred to a 384-well Flashplate and the biotinylated peptides were allowed to bind to the streptavidin surface for at least 1 hour before being washed three times with 0.1% Tween20 in a Biotek ELx405 plate washer. The plates were then read in a PerkinElmer TopCount plate reader to measure the quantity of ³H-labeled peptide bound to the Flashplate surface, measured as disintegrations per minute (dpm) or alternatively, referred to as counts per minute (cpm).

% Inhibition Calculation

${\% \mspace{14mu} {tnh}} = {100 - {\left( \frac{{dpn}_{cmpd} - {dpm}_{\min}}{{dpm}_{\max} - {dpm}_{\min}} \right) \times 100}}$

Where dpm=disintegrations per minute, cmpd=signal in assay well, and min andmax are the respective minimum and maximum signal controls.

Four-Parameter IC₅₀ Fit

${\% \mspace{14mu} {inhibition}} = {{Bottom} + \frac{{Top} - {Bottom}}{\left( {1 + \left( {{IC}_{30}/\lbrack I\rbrack} \right)^{{Hill}\mspace{14mu} {coefficient}}} \right)}}$

Where top and bottom are the normally allowed to float, but may be fixed at 100 or 0 respectively in a 3-parameter fit. The Hill Coefficient normally allowed to float but may also be fixed at 1 in a 3-parameter fit. I is the compound concentration.

Having now fully described this invention, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the same can be performed within a wide and equivalent range of conditions, formulations, and other parameters without affecting the scope of the invention or any embodiment thereof.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

All patents and publications cited herein are fully incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 

1. A compound having Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein: R¹ is selected from the group consisting of ethyl and cyclopropyl; R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), and R^(3b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or R^(2a) and R^(2b) taken together form a C₁₋₄ bridge; and R^(3a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or R^(3a) and R^(3b) taken together form a C₁₋₄ bridge; and R^(2a) and R^(2b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or R^(2a) and R^(3b) b taken together form a C₁₋₄ bridge; and R^(2b) and R^(3a) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, aralkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or R^(2b) and R^(3a) taken together form a C₁₋₄ bridge; and R^(2a) and R^(3b) are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, alkoxy, alkyoxyalkyl, and —C(═O)R^(6c); or R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, —C(═O)R^(6a), and —S(═O)₂R^(6b); R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, and (heterocyclo)alkyl; R^(6a) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, optionally substituted C₄₋₁₄ heterocyclo, optionally substituted C₅₋₁₄ heteroaryl, and optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl; R^(6b) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino(hydroxy)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, optionally substituted C₄₋₁₄ heterocyclo, optionally substituted C₅₋₁₄ heteroaryl, and optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl; R^(6c) is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, optionally substituted C₄₋₁₄ heterocyclo, optionally substituted C₅₋₁₄ heteroaryl, and optionally substituted C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl; and R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, and aralkyl, with the proviso that said compound having Formula I is not: N-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-cyclopropyl-N-methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; N-((1s,4s)-4-aminocyclohexyl)-5-ethyl-N-(3-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide; N-(4-((3-(difluoromethoxy)benzyl)amino)cyclohexyl)-5-ethyl-N-(3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide; or 5-ethyl-N-(3-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-((4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl) amino)cyclohexyl)isoxazole)-3-carboxamide.
 2. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula II:

Formula III:

Formula IV:

Formula V:

Formula VI:

or Formula VII:


3. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, having Formula VIII:

Formula IX:

Formula X:

Formula XI:

Formula XII:

or Formula XIII:


4. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R^(2a), R^(2b), R^(3a), and R^(3b) are hydrogen.
 5. (canceled)
 6. (canceled)
 7. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R⁴ is —C(═O)R^(6a).
 8. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R⁴ is —S(═O)₂R^(6a).
 9. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R^(6a) is selected from the group consisting of:


10. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R^(6a) is selected from the group consisting of:


11. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R⁴ is C₁₋₆ alkyl.
 12. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R⁵ is hydrogen.
 13. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂CH₂OH, —CH₂CH₂NH₂, —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, and —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂.
 14. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R⁷ is hydrogen.
 15. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, and aralkyl.
 16. (canceled)
 17. (canceled)
 18. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein R¹ is cyclopropyl.
 19. The compound of claim 1, selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
 20. A pharmaceutical acceptable composition, comprising the compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 21. A method of treating a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, wherein the patient has cancer.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of adrenal cancer, acinic cell carcinoma, acoustic neuroma, acral lentigious melanoma, acrospiroma, acute eosinophilic leukemia, acute erythroid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, adenosquamous carcinoma, adipose tissue neoplasm, adrenocortical carcinoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, aggressive NK-cell leukemia, AIDS-related lymphoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, ameloblastic fibroma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, angiomyolipoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, basal cell carcinoma, biliary tract cancer, bladder cancer, blastoma, bone cancer, Brenner tumor, Brown tumor, Burkitt's lymphoma, breast cancer, brain cancer, carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, carcinosarcoma, cartilage tumor, cementoma, myeloid sarcoma, chondroma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, choroid plexus papilloma, clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, Degos disease, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysembroplastic neuroepithelial tumor, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, endocrine gland neoplasm, endodermal sinus tumor, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, esophageal cancer, fetus in fetu, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, follicular lymphoma, follicular thyroid cancer, ganglioneuroma, gastrointestinal cancer, germ cell tumor, gestational choriocarcinoma, giant cell fibroblastoma, giant cell tumor of the bone, glial tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma, gliomatosis cerebri, glucagonoma, gonadoblastoma, granulosa cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, hairy cell leukemia, hemangioblastoma, head and neck cancer, hemangiopericytoma, hematological malignancy, hepatoblastoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, intestinal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, lentigo maligna, lethal midline carcinoma, leukemia, leydig cell tumor, liposarcoma, lung cancer, lymphangioma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphoepithelioma, lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogeous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, liver cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, MALT lymphoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant triton tumor, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, mast cell leukemia, mediastinal germ cell tumor, medullary carcinoma of the breast, medullary thyroid cancer, medulloblastoma, melanoma, meningioma, merkel cell cancer, mesothelioma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, mixed Mullerian tumor, mucinous tumor, multiple myeloma, muscle tissue neoplasm, mycosis fugoides, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoma, myxosarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neurinoma, neuroblastoma, neurofibroma, neuroma, nodular melanoma, ocular cancer, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, oncocytoma, optic nerve sheath meningioma, optic nerve tumor, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, Pancoast tumor, papillary thyroid cancer, paraganglioma, pinealoblastoma, pineocytoma, pituicytoma, pituitary adenoma, pituitary tumor, plasmacytoma, polyembryoma, precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, primary peritoneal cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pseudomyxoma peritonei, renal cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Richter's transformation, rectal cancer, sarcoma, Schwannomatosis, seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, signet ring cell carcinoma, skin cancer, small blue round cell tumors, small cell carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, somatostatinoma, soot wart, spinal tumor, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, synovial sarcoma, Sezary's disease, small intestine cancer, squamous carcinoma, stomach cancer, T-cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, thecoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell carcinoma, throat cancer, urachal cancer, urogenital cancer, urothelial carcinoma, uveal melanoma, uterine cancer, verrucous carcinoma, visual pathway glioma, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Warthin's tumor, and Wilms' tumor. 23-28. (canceled)
 29. A kit comprising the compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, and instructions for administering the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, to a patient having cancer.
 30. (canceled)
 31. A method of treating a SMYD protein mediated disorder comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof in an effective amount to treat the SMYD protein mediated disorder. 